Monday, April 20, 2009
Sunday, April 19, 2009
PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT REPORT.
1
&
COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.
ICD 531: PROJECT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT.
DAR ES SALAAM – CENTRE.
SUBJECT: PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT REPORT.
STUDENT: SHIGUKULU, ZACHARIA FULI.
CLASS: 3.
INSTRUCTOR: DR HUSSEIN SINDA.
DATE: APRIL, 2008.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE.
1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………….2
2.0 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………3
3.0 BACK GROUND INFORMATION……………………………………………...4
3.1 Community profile…………………………………………………………4
3.2 CBO Profile………………………………………………………………...5
4.0 AIMS/ OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSESSMENT…….…………………………..6
5.0 METHODOLOGIES………………………………………………………………7
5.1 Methods used in community assessment…………………………………8
5.2 Methods used in economic assessment……………………………………9
5.3 Methods used in health assessment………………………………………10
5.4 Methods used in environmental assessment…………………………......11
6.0 PARTICIPANT COMPOSITION……………………………………….………13
7.0 FINDINGS…………………………………………………… ………………….13
7.1 Asset/best practices………………………………………………………..13
7.2 Community assessment findings……………………………………...….14
7.3 Economic assessment findings……………………………………………17
7.4 Environmental assessment findings……………………………..………19
7.5 Health assessment findings………………………………………………..21
8.0 CHALLENGES…………………………………………………………………….22
9.0 CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWAD……………….…………………….…....22
10. REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………..23
3
2.0 INTRODUCTION.
In this paper, I am going to examine and explain on how participatory assessment was
conducted in the community of my own choice, the methodologies, findings observed
during the assessment and eventually use of the findings to prioritize the problem in a
participatory manner.
The exercise done in collaboration with the selected Community Based Organization
known as UMAKWA i.e. Umoja wa Maendeleo eneo la Kwamtoro, the government,
other stake holders and the Kwamtoro community. The Participatory assessment
included the Community assessment, the economic assessment, the environment
assessment and the health assessment.
However the main focus regarding this assessment is to identify problems and eventually
develop a project proposal basing on one of the 6 CED guiding principles namely
‘Developing a strong and sustainable local economy, through building local capacity
to sustain CED, so as to attempt to solve the identified problems in a joint effort.
4
3.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION.
3.1 COMMUNITY PROFILE.
Location and climatic conditions.
Kwamtoro division is one of the 8 divisions of Kondoa District that is in Dodoma
Region. It is located in Southern Kondoa, lying between latitude 30o to 37 o East at
an altitude ranging from 1056 to 1300m above sea level. The area has 2 major
seasons, wet season from December to April and dry season from May to November.
Annual rainfalls ranging from 500-800mm per annum. Temperature ranges between
20 o C and 25 o C with an annual average of 22 o C; Annual average humidity is
67%. The, mean annual wind velocity is 130kms blowing from South- East West to
Northwest.
Coverage and demographic status
The area covers 950 Square kilometers that is about 7% of the total district area.
The total population is about 33,010 whereby 9,283 are females, 8,372 males, and
5,917 are boys and 9,438 girls with the average growth rate of 2.9% per annum,
as per 2002 census report. Dominant tribes in the area are Sandawe, Gogo, Nyaturu
and Barbeig who are basically pastoralists. More than 50% are Christians, 30%
Muslims and about 20% animists
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Administration.
Kwamtoro Division is statutory divided in five (5) Wards, namely Lalta, Kwamtoro
and Ovada; others are Sanzawa and Mpendo.
Nevertheless, UMAKWA CBO covers three wards, these being Lalta, Kwamtoro and
Ovada. It encompasses a total of 17 villages
Socio- economic activities.
In comparison with other parts of the United Republic of Tanzania, this area is
estimated to have lower per-capita income (of less than 100,000 TSHS). Arable
farming, livestock husbandry and beekeeping are the major economic activities
Mixed farming is being practiced in this area i.e. crop-livestock integration. 30% of
the total population is agro-pastoralists and the rest are peasants.
Crops grown include: millet, sorghum, bulrush millet, groundnuts, cassava, sesame,
sweet potatoes, sunflower, pigeon peas and cowpeas.
3.1 CBO PROFILE.
The selected Community Based Organization is known as Umoja wa Maendeleo eneo la
Kwamtoro (UMAKWA). It is the Community Based Organization dealing with holistic
development issues. Its registration number is SO 14516 of 30th September, 2006.
UMAKWA operates in the Kwamtoro Division where by it covers three wards namely;
Kwamtoro, Lalta and Ovada in Kondoa District which is in Dodoma Region. The
coverage area of operation of UMAKWA is about 950 sq kms while the total population
as per 2002 census is 33,010 at projected rate of 2.9%
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The aim/purpose of the Community Based Organization is to improve socio-economic
life of the community within the operation area. Its mission is to mobilize and involve
community for sustainable economic development through using the locally available
resources and other resources from outside the community.
In its operation, UMAKWA focuses on Agriculture, Health, and Education, Community
capacity building, Gender & Advocacy, HIV/AIDS & Malaria prevention and control,
Income generating activities and other related activities.
4.0 AIMS/OBJECTIVES OF PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT.
Participatory assessment is the process of gathering, analyzing, and reporting information
about the needs of your community and the capacities or strengths that are also currently
available in your community to meet those needs. A community assessment begins by
convening a group of citizens, establishing a vision and prioritizing the issues that require
change. This collaborative effort between local citizens provides a foundation for a
community assessment that includes professionals who have expertise on issues and
others who are likely to be affected by the changes you are planning ( such as children
and parents). The aim/objectives of the participatory assessment including Community
assessment, Economic assessment, Health assessment and Environment assessment were
as outlined below;
To understand the Kwamtoro Community and the operation of UMAKWA CBO.
To learn more about NGOs and other stake holders working in the community.
To identify problem/stresses, the causes of stresses, and community assets and
other best practices.
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To collect information from the community in a participatory and joint manner.
To analyze the information and identify the problems/needs, capacities and
strengths available in the community, and ultimately prioritize the community
needs.
Use findings to develop/formulate a statement of a problem.
Develop project/programme proposal as an attempt to solve the jointly identified
problem.
5.0 METHODOLOGIES.
The methods used to collect/gather information were interview method; where by the
participants (stake holders were asked questions. Questionnaires and schedule were
prepared. Structured questionnaires were prepared. The questions were both closed and
open.
Focus group discussion was also used to collect data from the selected women, youths
and IGA groups.
Other methods used were-key informant interview, where by 20 individuals were selected
for their knowledge. In-depth and semi structured interviews were used to interview the
selected individuals. Interview guides listing topics were used.
However, questions were framed during the interview using probing techniques.
Community interview- public meetings were conducted where by questions from the
prepared interview guide were asked by the team of interviewers and answered by the
participants.
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Direct observation and transect walk were also used. The CED student and CBO officials
recorded the information in the sites, meetings, gatherings and discussion.
Secondary data reviews were used.
5.1 METHODS USED IN COMMUNTY ASSESSMENT.
During community assessment, we used different methods and techniques.
such as demographic information.
Interview- focused or controlled interview has been used to test some particular
practices. The questions are pre-determined, pre-planed and reframed on the basis of the
pre-determined or pre-studied situation. The social and psychological reactions were
tested. The method was used because it enabled to study the events that are not open to
observation, also to study abstract factors like attitudes, back emotion reactions. It studies
the phenomena in its historical background.
Past events were studied through this method, and information gathered is quite reliable.
Another method used during community assessment was- questionnaire, which is very
less cost and expenditure compared to other method like observation.
It is only getting the questions prepared, and postage expenses, no much time on traveling
on meeting people, and need less skill to administer. Since the coverage of my chosen
community covers the large geographical and the informants are scattered, questionnaire
method helped to cover the larger area.
9
Focus group discussion method also used, where by small groups of people with
common interest e.g. IGAs groups, cultural groups, and business men/women were used.
Through this method, the selected data using other techniques were cross-checked.
The group size ranged from 7-10 participants. Interview guide were prepared in advance
before the day of discussion.
The selected participants were informed in advance on the date, time and venue for
discussion. Secondary data reviews were also used to get other secondary
information
5.2 METHODS USED IN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT.
During Economic assessment, we used different methods and techniques.
Interview- focused or controlled interview has been used to test some particular
practices. The questions are pre-determined, pre-planed and reframed on the basis of
the pre-determined or pre-studied situation. The social and psychological reactions
were tested. The method was used because it enabled to study the events that are not
open to observation, also to study abstract factors like attitudes, back emotion
reactions. It studies the phenomena in its historical background.
Past events were studied through this method, and information gathered is quite
reliable.
Another method used during community assessment was- questionnaire, which is
very less cost and expenditure compared to other method like observation.
It is only getting the questions prepared, and postage expenses, no much time on traveling
on meeting people, and need less skill to administer.
10
Since the coverage of my chosen community covers the large geographical and the
informants are scattered, questionnaire method helped to cover the larger area.
Focus group discussion method also used, where by small groups of people with common
interest e.g. IGAs groups, cultural groups, and business men/women were used.
Through this method, the selected data using other techniques were cross-checked.
The group size ranged from 7-10 participants. Interview guide were prepared in advance
before the day of discussion.
The selected participants were informed in advance on the date, time and venue for
discussion. Secondary data reviews were also used to get other secondary information
such as demographic information.
5.3 METHODS USED IN HEALTH ASSESSMENT.
Observation- The participants observed the reality on the field to compare what was said
in the questionnaires. We used controlled observation where by a systematic observation
based on logic and reasoning was planed before. This method is objective oriented and
free from bias and prejudice. The observers were also as participants.
A non-participant observation method was also used where by the observer is present
in the group but he does not participate in their activities. The method was used due to the
number of reasons namely;
Simplistic and non-technical requirements.
It is also a greater accuracy guaranteed as the data collected or results achieved
are more accurate since the researcher himself collects data.
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Moreover the result are more dependable and convincing that, results are based on
the data collected as the researcher himself collects the data and know that they
are correct.
Transect walk was also used where by I and CBO members walked to verify the
information reviewed from secondary data tools. Secondary data reviews were also
used to get other secondary information such as disease out break and infection
information.
Interview- focused or controlled interview has been used to test some particular
practices. The questions are pre-determined, pre-planed and reframed on the basis of the
pre-determined or pre-studied situation. The social and psychological reaction were
tested
The method was used because it enabled to study the events that are not open to
observation, also to study abstract factors like attitudes, back emotion reactions.
It studies the phenomena in its historical background. Past events were studied through
this method, and information gathered is quite reliable.
5.4 METHODS USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT.
Observation- The participants observed the reality on the field to compare what was
said in the questionnaires.
We used controlled observation where by a systematic observation based on logic and
reasoning was planed before. This method is objective oriented and free from bias
and prejudice. The observers were also as participants.
12
A non-participant observation method was also used where by the observer is
present in the group but he does not participate in their activities. The method was
used due to the number of reasons namely;
Simplistic and non-technical requirements.
It is also a greater accuracy guaranteed as the data collected or results achieved
are more accurate since the researcher himself collects data.
Moreover the result are more dependable and convincing that, results are based on
the data collected as the researcher himself collects the data and know that they
are correct.
Transect walk was also used where by I and CBO members walked to verify the
information reviewed from secondary data tools. Secondary data reviews were also used
to get other secondary information such as forest reserves and other natural resources
information.
Interview- focused or controlled interview has been used to test some particular
practices. The questions are pre-determined, pre-planed and reframed on the basis of the
pre-determined or pre-studied situation. The social and psychological reactions were
tested.
The method was used because it enabled to study the events that are not open to
observation, also to study abstract factors like attitudes, back emotion reactions.
It studies the phenomena in its historical background. Past events were studied through
this method, and information gathered is quite reliable.
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6.0 PARTICIPANT COMPOSITION.
As the name of the exercise, participatory assessment involved different stake holders
within the community. The exercise conducted in three administrative wards of Ovada,
Lalta and Kwamtoro. Division, Ward and Villages Leaders participated.
NGOs like World Vision, Faith Based Organizations like mosques and churches were
represented by their respective leaders. Income generating activities group were also
represented, Women, Children, and youth were also represented in the exercise. 8
members from the UMAKWA Board of trustees participated.
Technical staff such as Rural Extension Officers, Ward Education Officers, Medical
Doctors, Nurses and Teachers were participated and consulted on technical issues and
information. Income generating activities group were also represented,
7.0 FINDINGS.
7.1 Assets/Best practices in the area.
Presence of other NGOs, and FBOs like World vision, Africare, RFSP, SEDA,
Churches.
Artistic and cultural activities in the community are sufficient.
Traditional dances and entertainments are still respected and highly valued hence
entertain the community, unites, and bring self esteem, personality and
community identity.
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Availability of natural resources such as forests, bees, stone and minerals, sands
and animal reserves
Manpower/labor.
7.2 COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS.
The communities in the three Wards of Ovada, Lalta, and Kwamtoro have high
awareness on development issues due to the presence of World Vision Tanzania in the
area for almost 16 years.
However, it was noted that the community voluntarism is declining as time goes
compared to when World Vision entered in the area in 1992. The reasons behind the
voluntarism decline are poor supervision of the planned activities, egoism, lack of social
capital and misuse/misinterpretation of political freedom and democracy.
The community decision-making in the area is an open-minded process as the whole
community involved in planning and other community issues. The area is dominated by
the tribes of Sandawe, Gogo, Nyaturu, and Barbeig, and all are involved in community
activities. All genders, age groups, ethnic groups, traditional believers (animists) are
involved to reach the community decisions.
New ideas and alternative points are encouraged and accepted. However, women and
children participation in decision making is still low compared to men. There are gender
imbalances in leadership position, for example there is no women leader at Division and
Ward level, while there are only three women leaders at village level among the 17
villages.
Most of the Wards, Village, and Sub-village leaders have not received enough training to
enable them to perform there duties well. Village Governments are not competent enough
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to manage their affairs. Village leaders, Extension workers and Ward Education Officers
have no transport and other working facilities to enable them to reach the target group
and perform their respective duties effectively.
The community seems to be a good place to raise children as good tradition values are
maintained and bad traditional values are removed and discouraged such as female
genital mutilation.
However, it is only good by approximately 60%, since there are some basic needs for
children remain unfulfilled or inadequate such as Education, health care and balanced
diet.
The community is not dealing adequately with poverty due to lack of capital, human
capacity, social capital as a result other basic needs termed as luxury such as balanced
diet, education, and other human right especially women and children right. Most of the
community members are not accessing health care due to low income. The cost of living
compared among community members differs, but majority of them are low income
earners and there cost of living are very high compared to District, Region and National
figures due to lack of small scale industries. Most of industrial and semi finished goods
come from the District and Region of which includes transport costs from manufacturing
place/plant to the community.
The community per capita income is 100,000/= tshs per annum compared to 135,000/=
tshs per annum of the District figure, while the average working distance to access basic
needs and services is 2 to 10 kms. The basic needs include; water, fuel, markets, shops,
Dispensary, Rural Health Clinics, Primary Schools, Secondary Schools, Traditional Birth
Attendants, milling machines and Cooperatives.
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Most labor is carried by women in the community. This means women in the community
have to walk long distances to fetch for water, collect firewood, take children to health
centers, attend farm activities and get to markets, milling machines, shops and other
essential service centers. There is no financial institution in the area until 85 km long in
Kondoa town.
The housing in the community is not adequate. More than 70% of the population live in
the muddy grass roofed houses or not improved houses.
There are some community assets and traditional values declined such as admiration that
is relation between children and adults. Formerly, the children were treated as children of
the community. Any parent could warn or advise any child irrespective of child- parent
relationship, but today it is not acceptable to punish children who are not their own sons
or daughters. This decline of traditional values resulted into decline of respect among
community members, absence of social capital and ultimately increase of labor outflows
as youth are moving to town for job search as house girls/boys and barmaids. Some
cultural differences resulting in conflict for example, barbeigs tribes are animal keepers
while Sandawe tribes are hunters and farmers traditionally. There fore, sometimes animal
feed on farmers crops hence conflict arises between animal keepers and farmers.
In addition, men are not allowed to check/inspect food storage facilities as it is only
women who are supposed to control and monitor each and every thing in storage
facilities. Contrary to that conflict may arise between father and mother in the family.
Education facilities in the community are not sufficient. Some villages have no primary
schools e.g. Kisande Village. Even those with schools, the classrooms, desks and text
books are not sufficient and there fore not helpful to business and labor in the
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community. However, the artistic and cultural activities in the community are sufficient.
Traditional dances and entertainments are still respected and highly valued hence
entertain the community, unites, and bring self esteem, personality and community
identity.
7.3 ECONOMIC ASSESSMENTS FINDINGS.
Kwamtoro community is one among the community in Tanzania with little Business and
Economic activities. Even these little existing business are not doing well these include;
transportation, petty business like women cafes, milling machines etc. these businesses
and economic activities are not doing well due to lack of reliable markets, low per capita
income among the community members, low savings, lack of source of capital, lack of
entrepreneurship skill, lack of financial institution and services until 85km long in
Kondoa or 165 km in Dodoma, hence low money circulation in the local economy.
Moreover, transportation sector is hurting more than other sector due to poor
infrastructures and poor economic growth. Although it is usually difficult to get a
business or home loan in the area, in some locality like Msera Village, local economy
success make housing more affordable to the community members due to small scale
irrigation activities and vegetable production.
Private investors tend to shun the community due to lack of markets, low economic
growth and poor infrastructures. The community expansion through influx of Barbeigs,
Nyaturu and Gogo from the neighbor Districts helps business, although in some places
cause environmental degradation.
There are certain types of jobs paid less than living wage. These include; labor employed
in domestic works as house girls/boys, labor employed in agriculture and labor employed
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to look after cattle. Business and other economic activities do not provide adequate
benefits to employees. However there are prospects of employments to improve for the
next generation due to expansion of agriculture sector, improvement of education and
opening of more Secondary Schools and other civil services in the community.
The challenge of today is inadequate job training being received by employees and the
job opportunities are not matching with the job skills in the community. Some of the jobs
such as computer operator, health/medical staff and Secondary teachers are very hard to
fill, where by the community residents can not fill them. Business people feel to operate
in a hard business environment due to lack of reliable markets, Poor infrastructures and
lack of reliable source of capital or financial institutions. There is only one weak saving
and credit cooperative society which stationed its head quarter at Kwamtoro village. The
saccos failed to mobilize more members to join it due to long distance from some of the
villages to the saccos office, poor knowledge on saving and entrepreneurship.
Industrial goods and other semi processed items are bought from out side the community
because there are even no small scale industries. Agricultural products and other animal
products are purchased from within the community, though are not produced at optimum
point. Much money and other resources leak from the local economy because the local
economy promote more out flows than inflows, that is industrial goods and other services
like transportation, banking etc take a large amount of resources received through selling
of agriculture and animal products. However, economic development tends to emphasize
business retention and expansion.
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Agriculture sector is the most beneficial in the community as it employ almost 95% of
the population and is the only main reliable source of income in the community though
there is about 25% disguised unemployment in the local economy. There are very few
people employed in other business apart from agriculture and animal husbandry, despite
the fact that they have no appropriate business skills necessary to succeed.
The size of informal business is very small which benefits less than 25% of the
population. The public service and infrastructure are not adequate to promote informal
business, for example there is only one rural health centre, one Police station, no fire
station, only three Secondary schools, no tarmac roads and no passable feeder roads to
join the villages scattered over the area of 950 sq kms.
Despite the inadequate public services in the area, the community attracting new growth
that will require expansion of existing services/facilities and the creation of new facilities
and they are ready to pay or contribute for the services.
7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS FINDINGS.
There is an indiscriminate cutting down of trees in various places of the area due to lack
of alternative sources of energy. Falling of trees is done for firewood and charcoal
burning that is used in urban area particularly Kondoa, Singida and Dodoma towns.
The continued reduced forest cover which has being caused by reduced size of forest
area, caused by uncontrolled livestock grazing, shifting cultivation, high frequency of
wild fires caused by honey collector, hunters, poachers, shifting cultivation, pastoralist
for the aim of getting fresh pasture and eradication of ticks and tsetse fly. These are
hampering natural regeneration resulting in eventual deforestation. There is an
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indiscriminate cutting down of trees in various places of the area due to lack of
alternative sources of energy. Falling of trees is done for firewood and charcoal burning
that is used in urban area particularly Kondoa, Singida and Dodoma towns.
The continued reduced forest cover which has being caused by reduced size of forest
area, caused by uncontrolled livestock grazing, shifting cultivation, high frequency of
wild fires caused by honey collector, hunters, poachers, shifting cultivation, pastoralist
for the aim of getting fresh pasture and eradication of ticks and tsetse fly. These are
hampering natural regeneration resulting in eventual regeneration.
The continued rate of farm expansion, which is caused by population increase and low
production per unit, leads to the increased demand of more land for farming, hence
increases the depletion of trees and accelerated deforestation with intensive tree cutting.
These unsustainable uses of natural resources lead to depletion of ecosystems and affect
other resources such as water sources of Mala and Totose at Ovada village. Hard woods
as Mininga and Mipingo for furniture are being used faster than they are replenished.
Given the current trend, the community children are likely to find community’s natural
resources and ecosystem services in a very bad condition. There are no recreational
places or activities essential to business in the community except the public holidays.
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7.5 HEALTH ASSESSMENTS FINDINGS.
In the case of health facilities, the Kwamtoro community has one Health centre at
Kwamtoro and 4 Dispensaries at Magambua, Ovada, Kinyamsindo and Lahoda Villages.
In addition, there are 7 Health posts at Ndoroboni, Msera, Ilasee, Mengu, Takwa, Baaba,
and Dinae Villages. All these health facilities are facing inadequate health staff and other
working facilities including shortage of medical supplies, medical equipments and
furniture. There is no children ward at Kwamtoro health centre. Children are mixed with
adult in case of admission. The health services provided in these facilities include also
HIV/AIDS counseling and testing, malaria and prenatal.
The nearest referral Health centre/Hospital is about 85 kms that is from Kwamtoro to
Kondoa or to Makiungu Hospital in Singida Region. The transport to reach the nearest
referral facilities is not readily available due to poor infrastructure. The Nurse/patient
ratio at Health facilities is 1: 100 the same as medical doctor/ patient ratio. There is no
children ward at the health centre. Children were admitted in the same ward with adults.
More than 40% of the population has no latrine. High occurrences of malaria, diarrhea
pneumonia, skin diseases, anemia and high infection of HIV/AIDS
The Community members’ pays for health services and some times share costs as the
Government and other service providers subsidize the cost. The major service providers
in the community are the government and the church where by the government
contributes 98% and 2% contributed by churches.
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The current increases in population resulted in an increase and improve of health
facilities and service as their contribution through payment in exchange of service
received in term of treatments, since the services are not offered free of charge. Also they
participate in day today activities and planning session in the community.
8.0 CHALLENGES.
Difficulties to get district data and technical officials for consultation.
Higher expectation of the community to be assisted to solve their problems
irrespective of the student aspiration, education background and experience.
Demand of sitting allowance for participating in the exercise.
9.0 CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWARD.
After going through the information collected, analyzing them, we agreed that, the
problem is “lack of income generating activities, saving and credit initiatives” basing on
my future aspiration, education background and experience I will focus on developing a
strong and sustainable local market economy through, building local capacity to sustain
CED, by mobilizing and creating community awareness on income generating activities,
saving and credit cooperative initiatives, where by the existing IGAs will be strengthened
and mobilized to form a saving and credit cooperative within the community. In summary
my project’s problem statement will be “promotion of income generating activities,
savings and credit initiatives”. The ultimate goal will be to form a strong saving and
credit cooperative society within the community.
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10.0 REFERENCES.
Kondoa District profile
National Population census report, (2002).
Narayan, J.R.M. (1962). Participation and social assessment. Tools and
techniques.
Rwegoshora, H.M.M.(2006). A guide to social science research.
&
COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.
ICD 531: PROJECT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT.
DAR ES SALAAM – CENTRE.
SUBJECT: PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT REPORT.
STUDENT: SHIGUKULU, ZACHARIA FULI.
CLASS: 3.
INSTRUCTOR: DR HUSSEIN SINDA.
DATE: APRIL, 2008.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE.
1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………….2
2.0 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………3
3.0 BACK GROUND INFORMATION……………………………………………...4
3.1 Community profile…………………………………………………………4
3.2 CBO Profile………………………………………………………………...5
4.0 AIMS/ OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSESSMENT…….…………………………..6
5.0 METHODOLOGIES………………………………………………………………7
5.1 Methods used in community assessment…………………………………8
5.2 Methods used in economic assessment……………………………………9
5.3 Methods used in health assessment………………………………………10
5.4 Methods used in environmental assessment…………………………......11
6.0 PARTICIPANT COMPOSITION……………………………………….………13
7.0 FINDINGS…………………………………………………… ………………….13
7.1 Asset/best practices………………………………………………………..13
7.2 Community assessment findings……………………………………...….14
7.3 Economic assessment findings……………………………………………17
7.4 Environmental assessment findings……………………………..………19
7.5 Health assessment findings………………………………………………..21
8.0 CHALLENGES…………………………………………………………………….22
9.0 CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWAD……………….…………………….…....22
10. REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………..23
3
2.0 INTRODUCTION.
In this paper, I am going to examine and explain on how participatory assessment was
conducted in the community of my own choice, the methodologies, findings observed
during the assessment and eventually use of the findings to prioritize the problem in a
participatory manner.
The exercise done in collaboration with the selected Community Based Organization
known as UMAKWA i.e. Umoja wa Maendeleo eneo la Kwamtoro, the government,
other stake holders and the Kwamtoro community. The Participatory assessment
included the Community assessment, the economic assessment, the environment
assessment and the health assessment.
However the main focus regarding this assessment is to identify problems and eventually
develop a project proposal basing on one of the 6 CED guiding principles namely
‘Developing a strong and sustainable local economy, through building local capacity
to sustain CED, so as to attempt to solve the identified problems in a joint effort.
4
3.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION.
3.1 COMMUNITY PROFILE.
Location and climatic conditions.
Kwamtoro division is one of the 8 divisions of Kondoa District that is in Dodoma
Region. It is located in Southern Kondoa, lying between latitude 30o to 37 o East at
an altitude ranging from 1056 to 1300m above sea level. The area has 2 major
seasons, wet season from December to April and dry season from May to November.
Annual rainfalls ranging from 500-800mm per annum. Temperature ranges between
20 o C and 25 o C with an annual average of 22 o C; Annual average humidity is
67%. The, mean annual wind velocity is 130kms blowing from South- East West to
Northwest.
Coverage and demographic status
The area covers 950 Square kilometers that is about 7% of the total district area.
The total population is about 33,010 whereby 9,283 are females, 8,372 males, and
5,917 are boys and 9,438 girls with the average growth rate of 2.9% per annum,
as per 2002 census report. Dominant tribes in the area are Sandawe, Gogo, Nyaturu
and Barbeig who are basically pastoralists. More than 50% are Christians, 30%
Muslims and about 20% animists
5
Administration.
Kwamtoro Division is statutory divided in five (5) Wards, namely Lalta, Kwamtoro
and Ovada; others are Sanzawa and Mpendo.
Nevertheless, UMAKWA CBO covers three wards, these being Lalta, Kwamtoro and
Ovada. It encompasses a total of 17 villages
Socio- economic activities.
In comparison with other parts of the United Republic of Tanzania, this area is
estimated to have lower per-capita income (of less than 100,000 TSHS). Arable
farming, livestock husbandry and beekeeping are the major economic activities
Mixed farming is being practiced in this area i.e. crop-livestock integration. 30% of
the total population is agro-pastoralists and the rest are peasants.
Crops grown include: millet, sorghum, bulrush millet, groundnuts, cassava, sesame,
sweet potatoes, sunflower, pigeon peas and cowpeas.
3.1 CBO PROFILE.
The selected Community Based Organization is known as Umoja wa Maendeleo eneo la
Kwamtoro (UMAKWA). It is the Community Based Organization dealing with holistic
development issues. Its registration number is SO 14516 of 30th September, 2006.
UMAKWA operates in the Kwamtoro Division where by it covers three wards namely;
Kwamtoro, Lalta and Ovada in Kondoa District which is in Dodoma Region. The
coverage area of operation of UMAKWA is about 950 sq kms while the total population
as per 2002 census is 33,010 at projected rate of 2.9%
6
The aim/purpose of the Community Based Organization is to improve socio-economic
life of the community within the operation area. Its mission is to mobilize and involve
community for sustainable economic development through using the locally available
resources and other resources from outside the community.
In its operation, UMAKWA focuses on Agriculture, Health, and Education, Community
capacity building, Gender & Advocacy, HIV/AIDS & Malaria prevention and control,
Income generating activities and other related activities.
4.0 AIMS/OBJECTIVES OF PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT.
Participatory assessment is the process of gathering, analyzing, and reporting information
about the needs of your community and the capacities or strengths that are also currently
available in your community to meet those needs. A community assessment begins by
convening a group of citizens, establishing a vision and prioritizing the issues that require
change. This collaborative effort between local citizens provides a foundation for a
community assessment that includes professionals who have expertise on issues and
others who are likely to be affected by the changes you are planning ( such as children
and parents). The aim/objectives of the participatory assessment including Community
assessment, Economic assessment, Health assessment and Environment assessment were
as outlined below;
To understand the Kwamtoro Community and the operation of UMAKWA CBO.
To learn more about NGOs and other stake holders working in the community.
To identify problem/stresses, the causes of stresses, and community assets and
other best practices.
7
To collect information from the community in a participatory and joint manner.
To analyze the information and identify the problems/needs, capacities and
strengths available in the community, and ultimately prioritize the community
needs.
Use findings to develop/formulate a statement of a problem.
Develop project/programme proposal as an attempt to solve the jointly identified
problem.
5.0 METHODOLOGIES.
The methods used to collect/gather information were interview method; where by the
participants (stake holders were asked questions. Questionnaires and schedule were
prepared. Structured questionnaires were prepared. The questions were both closed and
open.
Focus group discussion was also used to collect data from the selected women, youths
and IGA groups.
Other methods used were-key informant interview, where by 20 individuals were selected
for their knowledge. In-depth and semi structured interviews were used to interview the
selected individuals. Interview guides listing topics were used.
However, questions were framed during the interview using probing techniques.
Community interview- public meetings were conducted where by questions from the
prepared interview guide were asked by the team of interviewers and answered by the
participants.
8
Direct observation and transect walk were also used. The CED student and CBO officials
recorded the information in the sites, meetings, gatherings and discussion.
Secondary data reviews were used.
5.1 METHODS USED IN COMMUNTY ASSESSMENT.
During community assessment, we used different methods and techniques.
such as demographic information.
Interview- focused or controlled interview has been used to test some particular
practices. The questions are pre-determined, pre-planed and reframed on the basis of the
pre-determined or pre-studied situation. The social and psychological reactions were
tested. The method was used because it enabled to study the events that are not open to
observation, also to study abstract factors like attitudes, back emotion reactions. It studies
the phenomena in its historical background.
Past events were studied through this method, and information gathered is quite reliable.
Another method used during community assessment was- questionnaire, which is very
less cost and expenditure compared to other method like observation.
It is only getting the questions prepared, and postage expenses, no much time on traveling
on meeting people, and need less skill to administer. Since the coverage of my chosen
community covers the large geographical and the informants are scattered, questionnaire
method helped to cover the larger area.
9
Focus group discussion method also used, where by small groups of people with
common interest e.g. IGAs groups, cultural groups, and business men/women were used.
Through this method, the selected data using other techniques were cross-checked.
The group size ranged from 7-10 participants. Interview guide were prepared in advance
before the day of discussion.
The selected participants were informed in advance on the date, time and venue for
discussion. Secondary data reviews were also used to get other secondary
information
5.2 METHODS USED IN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT.
During Economic assessment, we used different methods and techniques.
Interview- focused or controlled interview has been used to test some particular
practices. The questions are pre-determined, pre-planed and reframed on the basis of
the pre-determined or pre-studied situation. The social and psychological reactions
were tested. The method was used because it enabled to study the events that are not
open to observation, also to study abstract factors like attitudes, back emotion
reactions. It studies the phenomena in its historical background.
Past events were studied through this method, and information gathered is quite
reliable.
Another method used during community assessment was- questionnaire, which is
very less cost and expenditure compared to other method like observation.
It is only getting the questions prepared, and postage expenses, no much time on traveling
on meeting people, and need less skill to administer.
10
Since the coverage of my chosen community covers the large geographical and the
informants are scattered, questionnaire method helped to cover the larger area.
Focus group discussion method also used, where by small groups of people with common
interest e.g. IGAs groups, cultural groups, and business men/women were used.
Through this method, the selected data using other techniques were cross-checked.
The group size ranged from 7-10 participants. Interview guide were prepared in advance
before the day of discussion.
The selected participants were informed in advance on the date, time and venue for
discussion. Secondary data reviews were also used to get other secondary information
such as demographic information.
5.3 METHODS USED IN HEALTH ASSESSMENT.
Observation- The participants observed the reality on the field to compare what was said
in the questionnaires. We used controlled observation where by a systematic observation
based on logic and reasoning was planed before. This method is objective oriented and
free from bias and prejudice. The observers were also as participants.
A non-participant observation method was also used where by the observer is present
in the group but he does not participate in their activities. The method was used due to the
number of reasons namely;
Simplistic and non-technical requirements.
It is also a greater accuracy guaranteed as the data collected or results achieved
are more accurate since the researcher himself collects data.
11
Moreover the result are more dependable and convincing that, results are based on
the data collected as the researcher himself collects the data and know that they
are correct.
Transect walk was also used where by I and CBO members walked to verify the
information reviewed from secondary data tools. Secondary data reviews were also
used to get other secondary information such as disease out break and infection
information.
Interview- focused or controlled interview has been used to test some particular
practices. The questions are pre-determined, pre-planed and reframed on the basis of the
pre-determined or pre-studied situation. The social and psychological reaction were
tested
The method was used because it enabled to study the events that are not open to
observation, also to study abstract factors like attitudes, back emotion reactions.
It studies the phenomena in its historical background. Past events were studied through
this method, and information gathered is quite reliable.
5.4 METHODS USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT.
Observation- The participants observed the reality on the field to compare what was
said in the questionnaires.
We used controlled observation where by a systematic observation based on logic and
reasoning was planed before. This method is objective oriented and free from bias
and prejudice. The observers were also as participants.
12
A non-participant observation method was also used where by the observer is
present in the group but he does not participate in their activities. The method was
used due to the number of reasons namely;
Simplistic and non-technical requirements.
It is also a greater accuracy guaranteed as the data collected or results achieved
are more accurate since the researcher himself collects data.
Moreover the result are more dependable and convincing that, results are based on
the data collected as the researcher himself collects the data and know that they
are correct.
Transect walk was also used where by I and CBO members walked to verify the
information reviewed from secondary data tools. Secondary data reviews were also used
to get other secondary information such as forest reserves and other natural resources
information.
Interview- focused or controlled interview has been used to test some particular
practices. The questions are pre-determined, pre-planed and reframed on the basis of the
pre-determined or pre-studied situation. The social and psychological reactions were
tested.
The method was used because it enabled to study the events that are not open to
observation, also to study abstract factors like attitudes, back emotion reactions.
It studies the phenomena in its historical background. Past events were studied through
this method, and information gathered is quite reliable.
13
6.0 PARTICIPANT COMPOSITION.
As the name of the exercise, participatory assessment involved different stake holders
within the community. The exercise conducted in three administrative wards of Ovada,
Lalta and Kwamtoro. Division, Ward and Villages Leaders participated.
NGOs like World Vision, Faith Based Organizations like mosques and churches were
represented by their respective leaders. Income generating activities group were also
represented, Women, Children, and youth were also represented in the exercise. 8
members from the UMAKWA Board of trustees participated.
Technical staff such as Rural Extension Officers, Ward Education Officers, Medical
Doctors, Nurses and Teachers were participated and consulted on technical issues and
information. Income generating activities group were also represented,
7.0 FINDINGS.
7.1 Assets/Best practices in the area.
Presence of other NGOs, and FBOs like World vision, Africare, RFSP, SEDA,
Churches.
Artistic and cultural activities in the community are sufficient.
Traditional dances and entertainments are still respected and highly valued hence
entertain the community, unites, and bring self esteem, personality and
community identity.
14
Availability of natural resources such as forests, bees, stone and minerals, sands
and animal reserves
Manpower/labor.
7.2 COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS.
The communities in the three Wards of Ovada, Lalta, and Kwamtoro have high
awareness on development issues due to the presence of World Vision Tanzania in the
area for almost 16 years.
However, it was noted that the community voluntarism is declining as time goes
compared to when World Vision entered in the area in 1992. The reasons behind the
voluntarism decline are poor supervision of the planned activities, egoism, lack of social
capital and misuse/misinterpretation of political freedom and democracy.
The community decision-making in the area is an open-minded process as the whole
community involved in planning and other community issues. The area is dominated by
the tribes of Sandawe, Gogo, Nyaturu, and Barbeig, and all are involved in community
activities. All genders, age groups, ethnic groups, traditional believers (animists) are
involved to reach the community decisions.
New ideas and alternative points are encouraged and accepted. However, women and
children participation in decision making is still low compared to men. There are gender
imbalances in leadership position, for example there is no women leader at Division and
Ward level, while there are only three women leaders at village level among the 17
villages.
Most of the Wards, Village, and Sub-village leaders have not received enough training to
enable them to perform there duties well. Village Governments are not competent enough
15
to manage their affairs. Village leaders, Extension workers and Ward Education Officers
have no transport and other working facilities to enable them to reach the target group
and perform their respective duties effectively.
The community seems to be a good place to raise children as good tradition values are
maintained and bad traditional values are removed and discouraged such as female
genital mutilation.
However, it is only good by approximately 60%, since there are some basic needs for
children remain unfulfilled or inadequate such as Education, health care and balanced
diet.
The community is not dealing adequately with poverty due to lack of capital, human
capacity, social capital as a result other basic needs termed as luxury such as balanced
diet, education, and other human right especially women and children right. Most of the
community members are not accessing health care due to low income. The cost of living
compared among community members differs, but majority of them are low income
earners and there cost of living are very high compared to District, Region and National
figures due to lack of small scale industries. Most of industrial and semi finished goods
come from the District and Region of which includes transport costs from manufacturing
place/plant to the community.
The community per capita income is 100,000/= tshs per annum compared to 135,000/=
tshs per annum of the District figure, while the average working distance to access basic
needs and services is 2 to 10 kms. The basic needs include; water, fuel, markets, shops,
Dispensary, Rural Health Clinics, Primary Schools, Secondary Schools, Traditional Birth
Attendants, milling machines and Cooperatives.
16
Most labor is carried by women in the community. This means women in the community
have to walk long distances to fetch for water, collect firewood, take children to health
centers, attend farm activities and get to markets, milling machines, shops and other
essential service centers. There is no financial institution in the area until 85 km long in
Kondoa town.
The housing in the community is not adequate. More than 70% of the population live in
the muddy grass roofed houses or not improved houses.
There are some community assets and traditional values declined such as admiration that
is relation between children and adults. Formerly, the children were treated as children of
the community. Any parent could warn or advise any child irrespective of child- parent
relationship, but today it is not acceptable to punish children who are not their own sons
or daughters. This decline of traditional values resulted into decline of respect among
community members, absence of social capital and ultimately increase of labor outflows
as youth are moving to town for job search as house girls/boys and barmaids. Some
cultural differences resulting in conflict for example, barbeigs tribes are animal keepers
while Sandawe tribes are hunters and farmers traditionally. There fore, sometimes animal
feed on farmers crops hence conflict arises between animal keepers and farmers.
In addition, men are not allowed to check/inspect food storage facilities as it is only
women who are supposed to control and monitor each and every thing in storage
facilities. Contrary to that conflict may arise between father and mother in the family.
Education facilities in the community are not sufficient. Some villages have no primary
schools e.g. Kisande Village. Even those with schools, the classrooms, desks and text
books are not sufficient and there fore not helpful to business and labor in the
17
community. However, the artistic and cultural activities in the community are sufficient.
Traditional dances and entertainments are still respected and highly valued hence
entertain the community, unites, and bring self esteem, personality and community
identity.
7.3 ECONOMIC ASSESSMENTS FINDINGS.
Kwamtoro community is one among the community in Tanzania with little Business and
Economic activities. Even these little existing business are not doing well these include;
transportation, petty business like women cafes, milling machines etc. these businesses
and economic activities are not doing well due to lack of reliable markets, low per capita
income among the community members, low savings, lack of source of capital, lack of
entrepreneurship skill, lack of financial institution and services until 85km long in
Kondoa or 165 km in Dodoma, hence low money circulation in the local economy.
Moreover, transportation sector is hurting more than other sector due to poor
infrastructures and poor economic growth. Although it is usually difficult to get a
business or home loan in the area, in some locality like Msera Village, local economy
success make housing more affordable to the community members due to small scale
irrigation activities and vegetable production.
Private investors tend to shun the community due to lack of markets, low economic
growth and poor infrastructures. The community expansion through influx of Barbeigs,
Nyaturu and Gogo from the neighbor Districts helps business, although in some places
cause environmental degradation.
There are certain types of jobs paid less than living wage. These include; labor employed
in domestic works as house girls/boys, labor employed in agriculture and labor employed
18
to look after cattle. Business and other economic activities do not provide adequate
benefits to employees. However there are prospects of employments to improve for the
next generation due to expansion of agriculture sector, improvement of education and
opening of more Secondary Schools and other civil services in the community.
The challenge of today is inadequate job training being received by employees and the
job opportunities are not matching with the job skills in the community. Some of the jobs
such as computer operator, health/medical staff and Secondary teachers are very hard to
fill, where by the community residents can not fill them. Business people feel to operate
in a hard business environment due to lack of reliable markets, Poor infrastructures and
lack of reliable source of capital or financial institutions. There is only one weak saving
and credit cooperative society which stationed its head quarter at Kwamtoro village. The
saccos failed to mobilize more members to join it due to long distance from some of the
villages to the saccos office, poor knowledge on saving and entrepreneurship.
Industrial goods and other semi processed items are bought from out side the community
because there are even no small scale industries. Agricultural products and other animal
products are purchased from within the community, though are not produced at optimum
point. Much money and other resources leak from the local economy because the local
economy promote more out flows than inflows, that is industrial goods and other services
like transportation, banking etc take a large amount of resources received through selling
of agriculture and animal products. However, economic development tends to emphasize
business retention and expansion.
19
Agriculture sector is the most beneficial in the community as it employ almost 95% of
the population and is the only main reliable source of income in the community though
there is about 25% disguised unemployment in the local economy. There are very few
people employed in other business apart from agriculture and animal husbandry, despite
the fact that they have no appropriate business skills necessary to succeed.
The size of informal business is very small which benefits less than 25% of the
population. The public service and infrastructure are not adequate to promote informal
business, for example there is only one rural health centre, one Police station, no fire
station, only three Secondary schools, no tarmac roads and no passable feeder roads to
join the villages scattered over the area of 950 sq kms.
Despite the inadequate public services in the area, the community attracting new growth
that will require expansion of existing services/facilities and the creation of new facilities
and they are ready to pay or contribute for the services.
7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS FINDINGS.
There is an indiscriminate cutting down of trees in various places of the area due to lack
of alternative sources of energy. Falling of trees is done for firewood and charcoal
burning that is used in urban area particularly Kondoa, Singida and Dodoma towns.
The continued reduced forest cover which has being caused by reduced size of forest
area, caused by uncontrolled livestock grazing, shifting cultivation, high frequency of
wild fires caused by honey collector, hunters, poachers, shifting cultivation, pastoralist
for the aim of getting fresh pasture and eradication of ticks and tsetse fly. These are
hampering natural regeneration resulting in eventual deforestation. There is an
20
indiscriminate cutting down of trees in various places of the area due to lack of
alternative sources of energy. Falling of trees is done for firewood and charcoal burning
that is used in urban area particularly Kondoa, Singida and Dodoma towns.
The continued reduced forest cover which has being caused by reduced size of forest
area, caused by uncontrolled livestock grazing, shifting cultivation, high frequency of
wild fires caused by honey collector, hunters, poachers, shifting cultivation, pastoralist
for the aim of getting fresh pasture and eradication of ticks and tsetse fly. These are
hampering natural regeneration resulting in eventual regeneration.
The continued rate of farm expansion, which is caused by population increase and low
production per unit, leads to the increased demand of more land for farming, hence
increases the depletion of trees and accelerated deforestation with intensive tree cutting.
These unsustainable uses of natural resources lead to depletion of ecosystems and affect
other resources such as water sources of Mala and Totose at Ovada village. Hard woods
as Mininga and Mipingo for furniture are being used faster than they are replenished.
Given the current trend, the community children are likely to find community’s natural
resources and ecosystem services in a very bad condition. There are no recreational
places or activities essential to business in the community except the public holidays.
21
7.5 HEALTH ASSESSMENTS FINDINGS.
In the case of health facilities, the Kwamtoro community has one Health centre at
Kwamtoro and 4 Dispensaries at Magambua, Ovada, Kinyamsindo and Lahoda Villages.
In addition, there are 7 Health posts at Ndoroboni, Msera, Ilasee, Mengu, Takwa, Baaba,
and Dinae Villages. All these health facilities are facing inadequate health staff and other
working facilities including shortage of medical supplies, medical equipments and
furniture. There is no children ward at Kwamtoro health centre. Children are mixed with
adult in case of admission. The health services provided in these facilities include also
HIV/AIDS counseling and testing, malaria and prenatal.
The nearest referral Health centre/Hospital is about 85 kms that is from Kwamtoro to
Kondoa or to Makiungu Hospital in Singida Region. The transport to reach the nearest
referral facilities is not readily available due to poor infrastructure. The Nurse/patient
ratio at Health facilities is 1: 100 the same as medical doctor/ patient ratio. There is no
children ward at the health centre. Children were admitted in the same ward with adults.
More than 40% of the population has no latrine. High occurrences of malaria, diarrhea
pneumonia, skin diseases, anemia and high infection of HIV/AIDS
The Community members’ pays for health services and some times share costs as the
Government and other service providers subsidize the cost. The major service providers
in the community are the government and the church where by the government
contributes 98% and 2% contributed by churches.
22
The current increases in population resulted in an increase and improve of health
facilities and service as their contribution through payment in exchange of service
received in term of treatments, since the services are not offered free of charge. Also they
participate in day today activities and planning session in the community.
8.0 CHALLENGES.
Difficulties to get district data and technical officials for consultation.
Higher expectation of the community to be assisted to solve their problems
irrespective of the student aspiration, education background and experience.
Demand of sitting allowance for participating in the exercise.
9.0 CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWARD.
After going through the information collected, analyzing them, we agreed that, the
problem is “lack of income generating activities, saving and credit initiatives” basing on
my future aspiration, education background and experience I will focus on developing a
strong and sustainable local market economy through, building local capacity to sustain
CED, by mobilizing and creating community awareness on income generating activities,
saving and credit cooperative initiatives, where by the existing IGAs will be strengthened
and mobilized to form a saving and credit cooperative within the community. In summary
my project’s problem statement will be “promotion of income generating activities,
savings and credit initiatives”. The ultimate goal will be to form a strong saving and
credit cooperative society within the community.
23
10.0 REFERENCES.
Kondoa District profile
National Population census report, (2002).
Narayan, J.R.M. (1962). Participation and social assessment. Tools and
techniques.
Rwegoshora, H.M.M.(2006). A guide to social science research.
CED PROJECT PLANS
&
COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.
ICD 531: PROJECT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT.
DAR ES SALAAM – CENTRE.
SUBJECT: PROJECT PLAN REPORT.
Project implementation plans,
Project monitoring & evaluation plan,
Project sustainability plans.
STUDENT: SHIGUKULU, ZACHARIA FULI.
Email. shigukulu06@yahoo.co.uk
Tel. 0784425498 or 0754830713.
CLASS: 3
INSTRUCTOR: DR HUSSEIN SINDA
DATE: JUNE, 2008.
1
TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE.
1.0 TABLE OF CONTENT………………………………………………………..1
2.0 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………..2
2.1 DEFINITIONS…………………………………………………….…3
2.2 PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT AND ITS FINDINGS……….…4
2.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION……......5
3.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN……………………………………...9
3.1 Description of activities and outputs…………………………………...9
3.2 Inputs, staffing pattern and budget…………………………………….11
3.3 Project implementation plan table……………………………………..15
4.0 PROJECT MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAME WORK……….21
5.0 PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY PLAN…………………………….….…….27
5.1 Sustainability…………………………………………………...……..27
5.2 Sustainability plan and sustainable development..................................27
5.3 Strategic planning and management……………………………..…..29
6.0 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………..…..32
7.0 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………..34
8.0 APPENDICES/ANNEXES…………………………………………….……..35
8.1 Logical frame work matrix………………………………………….…40
8.2 Project budget spreadsheet (proforma)………………………………...35
8.3 SACCO’S Organization structure……………………………….……44
8.4 Job description for SACCO’S staff……………………………….…..45
2
2.0 INTRODUCTION.
This project is the outcome of the joint effort done during the participatory assessment
by the kwamtoro community, UMAKWA CBO (the host organization), other stake
holders and the CED student. The participatory assessment included Community
assessment, Economic assessment, Environmental assessment and the Health assessment.
This paper will provide meaning of basic concepts together with the analytical
description of the project implementation plan, project monitoring & evaluation and
project sustainability plan in a detailed manner.
The project is going to take place in the three Wards of Kwamtoro, Lalta and Ovada in
the Kwamtoro Division within Kondoa District in Dodoma Region.
The total villages to be covered are 17 with the coverage area of 950 square kilometer,
while the total population estimated to be 38,528 at a projected rate of 2.9% as per 2002
National population census.
The project has two components, where by the first component is to promote
income generating activities and microenterprises while the second component will
be promotion of savings and credit initiatives through formation of community
owned saving and credit cooperative society (SACCOS).
This initiative will solve a number of problems identified during participatory
assessment such as ; poor savings and investment, low money circulation in the local
economy, low income among community members caused by lack/ inadequate
capital, lack of entrepreneurship skills, lack of financial intermediaries and
unemployment.
3
2.1 DEFINITIONS.
Project implementation plan is a systematic list of activities planed in order to
accomplish the project objectives, while activities are series of specific steps or tasks
carried out in order to achieve an objective. They require resources, have a sequence and
have some one responsible for carrying them out. In other words, activities are actions in
the context of programming which are both necessary and sufficient, and through which
inputs (financial, human, technical and material resources) are mobilized to produce
specific outputs or contribute to the outcome. Activities may also be referred to as
“Development interventions”
The components of an implementation plan are project objectives, activities, person
responsible, time frame (starting and ending points) and necessary resources. Project
implementation plan is the tool for planning, monitoring/supervision, allocation of
resources and evaluation.
Participatory project monitoring and evaluation plan is the systematic series/steps of
monitoring and evaluation activities planed in a participatory manner (involves all project
stake holders). A participatory project monitoring is the continuous function that aims
primarily to provide managers and main stake holders with regular feedback and early
indications of progress or lack thereof in the achievement of intended results. Monitoring
tracks the actual performance or situation against what was planed or expected according
to pre-determined standards. It involves collecting and analyzing data on implementation
processes, strategies & results and recommendation corrective measures. All these are
done in participatory way (involving all project stake holders). Participatory evaluation
is the collective examination and assessment of the programme/project by the stake
4
holders and beneficiaries. Participatory evaluation are reflective, action oriented, and
seek to build capacity. Participatory evaluations are primarily oriented to the
information needs of the stake holders rather than the donor who act as facilitator.
Project sustainability plan is the systematic outlines which explain the continuity or the
capacity of the project to continue functioning supported by its own resources (human,
material and financial) even when external source of funding have ended. Or it explains
the durability of positive programme/project result after the termination of the technical
cooperation channeled through that programme or project.
Static sustainability- the continuous flow of the same benefits set in motion by the target
by the completed programme or project, to the same target groups and/or other groups.
For an out come, it reflect whether the positive changes in development situation will
endure. The list of inputs that lead to sustainability of the project includes;
community participation in the project planning process, community recognition of
real needs, varied funding sources, technically, competent staff, budget within reach
of community, progressive growth of project, properly phased activities, politically
feasible, appropriate collaboration with other agencies, support of community
leaders, use of appropriate technology in the intervention, revolving funding.
2.2 PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT AND ITS FINDINGS.
The participatory assessment conducted jointly by the Kwamtoro community, the
host organization (UMAKWA CBO), other stake holders and the CED student. The
assessment included community assessment, economic assessment, health
assessment and Environ mental assessment. The methodologies used during the
5
participatory assessment included, interview method through questionnaires. Other
methods used were focus group discussion, documentary review and observation
methods.
The findings/problems observed/identified during participatory assessment
includes; inadequate capital, low per capital income (100,000/= Tshs), far walking
distance to access basic needs (water, markets, shops, dispensary, rural health
clinics, schools and milling machines) which is 2 to 10 kms. Poor housing i.e. muddy
grass roofed houses, high labor outflows i.e. youths are moving to towns for job
search as job house girls/boys and barmaids, very few existing business, no reliable
markets, lack of entrepreneurship skills Lack of financial institution in the
community until 85 km in Kondoa/Singida or 165 kms in Dodoma, low money
circulation, poor infrastructures low savings, about 25% of disguised
unemployment, small size of informal sector benefiting less than 25% of the
population. Deforestation caused by uncontrolled livestock grazing, fire wood and
charcoal burning, wild fire outbreak caused by honey collectors and hunters.
2.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION.
After going through the problems/findings identified during the participatory assessment,
the community, stake holders, the host organization (UMAKWA CBO), and the CED
student, agreed to prioritize the problem basing on beneficiaries priority, and also basing
on student aspiration, Education background and experience, we opted to focus on
developing local capacity to sustain community economic development. The
concentration will be to tackle the problem of income poverty by reducing the
6
problem where by the identified causes are; unreliable markets, insufficient existing
businesses/income generating activities or microenterprises, lack of
entrepreneurship skills, lack of financial intermediaries, inadequate capital and low
per capita income. The income poverty in the community resulted(effects) to poor
housing(muddy grass roofed houses), inability to fulfill basic needs like education,
food, medical care and treatment and other social obligations, poor/low savings, low
money circulation, small size of informal sector, disguised unemployment,
deforestation and environmental degradation.
The project therefore, will focus on mobilizing and creating community awareness on
income generating activities, savings and credit initiative, where by the existing income
generating activities will be strengthened and mobilized to form a strong community
based/owned savings and credit cooperative society. Under the project, the existing
business groups (small and microenterprises) will be empowered through business
trainings to equip them with entrepreneurial skills. Other new interested community
members will be encouraged to start microenterprises and be trained in microenterprise
skills.
In addition, the empowered economic/business groups together with other community
members will be sensitized and mobilized to join and form a strong community owned
saving and credit cooperative society. By so doing members will eventually save and
borrow money for their small and micro businesses.
The target community/beneficiaries are expected to participate in the project
implementation by attending fully in the workshop and entrepreneurship trainings and
sensitization meetings by also covering the transport cost to the training venues/centre.
7
Moreover, the potential members are expected to contribute through entrance fee, buying
shares, saving and depositing their little earning voluntarily to the SACCOS. The interim
committee selected by the community will offer service on voluntary basis.
The initiative will not only increase savings, investments and money circulation in the
economy but also raise income level, employment and business ownership among
community members. There fore, the project's problem statement is “promotion of
income generating activities, savings and credit initiatives at Kwamtoro, Lalta and
Ovada wards.”
Target community.
The project targeted to serve the total population of 33,010, where by 9,293 is adult
female, 8,372 are adult males, 5,917 are boys and 9,438 are girls. The coverage area will
be under the three Wards of Kwamtoro, Lalta, and Ovada in Kwamtoro Division, which
encompasses of a total of 17 Villages namely; Ndoroboni, Kwamtoro, Msera, Ilasee,
Magambua, Handa, Lahoda, Manantu, Wairo, Kisande, Dinae, Ovada, Mengu,
Kinyamsindo, Takwa, Jogolo and Baaba.
Stake holders.
There are other stake holders in the project. The first one is the Kondoa District council,
where by the cooperative development officer and the community development officer
will participate to guide the formation of microenterprise and SACCOS as per National
policies and guidance. They are going to be the Lead trainers of the groups and SACCOS
in general and facilitate legal aspects towards registration.
8
Another important stake holder is World Vision Tanzania, who is going to offer
financial assistance particularly in all trainings costs by covering training fees and
related costs. World vision agreed to support the initiative because it is in line with its
strategic plan of empowering the poor community in sustainable issues. World vision
through its community based programme at Kwamtoro, will offer a temporary
office freely for a new established SACCOS. Commercial banks like NBC, CRDB
will be other stake holders in terms of financial services.
Project goal.
To improve socio- economic status of the Kwamtoro, Lalta and Ovada Wards,
Kondoa district, Dodoma Region, Tanzania.
Project purpose.
To strengthen 54 groups of income generating activities in Kwamtoro, Lalta and
Ovada.
To establish saving and credit cooperative society in the community.
9
Project objectives.
Increase the knowledge and practices of microenterprise to 54 income generating
activity groups (160) members’ people by the end of 2009.
To increase the knowledge, participation and management of 1,000 community
members on SACCOS issues by the end of 2009.
To increase savings, shares and deposit to 60,000,000/= by the end of 2009.
To increase employment opportunities to 150 peoples by the end of 2009.
To reduce disguised unemployment by 2% in October 2009.
To Increase the size of informal sector from 25% - 30% by the end of 2009.
3.0 PROJECT OF IMPLIMENTATION PLAN.
3.1 Description of activities and outputs.
At the end of the second year, the project will accomplish a variety of activities and
generates a number of products and outputs. The activities to be accomplished
includes; trainings to 54 groups of income generating activities on microenterprise
skills, supporting income generating with appropriate facilities like sewing machines and
carpentry tools/inputs. Sensitize and create awareness to the community members on
microenterprise knowledge and informal sector.
In addition, the community members will be sensitized and equipped knowledge on the
importance of saving and credit cooperative society (SACCOS) and the advantage of
saving and depositing of their little earnings to the community owned SACCOS.
The project will facilitate the selection of SACCO’s interim committees of 15 members
and train them on effective operation of primary SACCOS. The interim committee
10
members will form the Management Board, Supervision committee, loan committee,
education and promotion sub-committee. The key employees such as SACCO’s
secretary/manager and Account clerk will be trained on the relevant skills focusing on
effective operation and accounting system as per the Tanzania Cooperative Development
policy of 2002, and the Cooperative ACT no 20 of 2003.
Moreover, the project will facilitate the SACCOS interim committee to prepare SACCOS
constitution, loan policy, and savings and deposits policy and eventually assist the
committee to register the SACCOS legally, in collaboration with the Kondoa District
Cooperative officer. During constitution preparation, the SACCO’s mission and vision
will be taken care of. The project will assist the interim committee to visit other similar
organization within Tanzania for learning purposes.
After the registration, the project will facilitate promotion activities through use of
inaugurations functions, promotion meetings accompanied with the use of t-shirts, posters
and leaflets, and provide of prizes like shares and special t-shirts to those members with
more savings and deposits.
However training of income generating activist group leader and training the community
on the entrepreneurship skills and importance of establishing income generating activities
and small and medium enterprises will lead to increase of employment to about 150
people and reduce disguised unemployment by 2%.
on the other hand the community members will be sensitized and equipped on the
advantages of using financial intermediaries like microfinance institutions, their own
SACCOS, and hence strengthen their business and eventually increase the size of
informal sector from 25% to 30% by the end of 2009.
11
After the performance and accomplishment of the above activities, the expected
outputs/products are; 160 community members trained and practicing
microenterprise/businesses in the community, 25 groups of income generating activities
supported with appropriate facilities such as sewing machines and carpentry tools/inputs.
1,000 or more members joined the SACCOS with a minimum average of 3 shares of
5,000 each and 45,000 saving & deposits per each member. The Management Board and
other sub-committee will be in place and exercising their respective responsibilities. 2
trained key employees (SACCO’s manager and Account clerk) in place and working with
the SACCOS. At the end of the project, the registered SACCO’S important documents
such as constitution, loan policy, saving and deposits policy will be in place and in use.
Other output expected are 250 t-shirts, 500 posters and leaflets distributed to community
members and SACCOS members. 10 special t-shirts distributed to winners of the share,
savings and deposits competition during the promotion activities aiming at increasing
shares, savings and deposits to 60 millions Tshs.
The 54 trained group leaders and 150 peoples employed as a result of new employment
opportunities created. The size of informal sector expected to increase from 25% to 30%
by the end of year 2009.
3.2 Inputs, staffing pattern and budget.
(a) Inputs.
During project implementation, there must be a number of inputs to be used to enable the
activity accomplishment. These inputs include; training facilities/equipments such as
flipcharts, note books/exercises books, ball pens, transport facilities, motor vehicles,
12
loudspeakers, t-shirts, posters & leaflets, financial documents like receipt books,
membership ledger book, passbooks, trainers/facilitators and funds/money.
Others are sewing machines, carpentry tools/inputs like hammers, cutting saws, other
documents such as Cooperative development policy of 2002, the Cooperative ACT no 20
of 2003, the small and medium enterprise development policy of 2000 as guideline and
references for the training and process towards registration of SACCOS and formation of
microenterprises and income generating activities.
(b) Staffing pattern.
Since the project involves also the formation of a community owned SACCOS, there
must be an organization structure which includes also staff for the day today
operation/running activities. The overall management of the SACCOS will be under the
Management Board of not more than 9 people including supervision committee of 3
peoples. The chairperson will lead the Management Board, which is accountable to the
general meeting assembly.
However, there must be a Secretary or SACCOS Manager who will supervise the day to
day activities and other staff. The SACCOS Manager is accountable to the Management
Board. Under the secretary or manager, there must be an Account clerk to deal with all
financial transaction and book keeper of the SACCOS.
The manager will need training on fund raising and business promotion, how to manage
the SACCOS, with reference to the Cooperative development policy of 2002 and
Cooperative act no 20 of 2003. The SACCOS Account clerk will need training on
SACCOS accounting, Cooperative accounting, book keeping and customer care services.
13
(c) Budget.
The budget for this project will come from different stake holders. The host organization
(UMAKWA CBO), World Vision Tanzania through its community based Programme
(Kwamtoro Area Development Programme), the community and the Kondoa District
council will contribute towards the project implementation.
World Vision through Kwamtoro Area Development Programme will provide a
temporary office at Ovada village free of charge. Kwamtoro Area Development
Programme will bear all the training costs pertaining income generating activities,
microenterprise, entrepreneurship skills, SACCOS, microfinance, study visits, promotion
activities and other item supports. On the other hand the host organization (UMAKWA
CBO) will foot the cost for training of the 15 SACCOS interim committee members,
registration costs and prize cost for the competition winners. The community members
will bear the cost for fare to the training centers, costs during the selection of the 15
interim committee members and during the preparation of the SACCOS important
documents. The formed SACCOS will pay all the salaries and benefits of the employees
i.e. SACCO’s manager and Account clerk.
At the beginning, the SACCOS manager preferably to be a SACCOS member, will be
paid 180,000 Tshs per month while the Account clerk also preferably a SACCOS
member will be paid 150,000 Tshs per month. The management board will work on
voluntary basis until the SACCOS financial and economic status stabilizes.
14
(d) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN IN A SUMMARIZED TABLE.
OBJECTIVE1.0.
To increase knowledge and practice of microenterprise to 54 income generating activity groups by the end of2009.
Activities
Project month.
Resources
needed.
Person
responsible.
j a s o n d j f m a m j
1.1 To conduct 4 trainings on microenterprise
knowledge to 54 income generating activity
groups of 160 people.
x
x
x
x
Trainees,
Trainers,
stationeries,
money,
transport,
meals,
accommodati
on and
drinks.
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
1.2 support income generating activity groups
with appropriate facilities like sewing machines,
carpentry tool/inputs
x
Money for
buying
facilities.
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
OBJECTIVE 2.0
To increase the knowledge, participation and management of 1,000 community members on SACCOS issues by the end to
2009.
2.1 To conduct 17 sensitization and awareness
creation meetings to community members on
SACCO’s issues- i.e. savings deposits, joining &
buying shares.
Transport,
meals, soft
drinks,
loudspeaker,
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
15
x
facilitator
and money
for
facilitation
fees.
2.2 facilitate selection of SACCO’S interim
committee of 15 members.
x
Transport &
meals
CED
student.
2.3 Train 15 SACCO’S interim committee
members on effective operation of primary
SACCOS that is Management Board, Supervision
committee, loan committee, and education &
promotion sub-committees.
x
Trainees,
Trainers,
stationeries,
money,
transport,
meals,
accommodati
on and
drinks.
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
2.4 Train key employees (secretary & Accounting
clerk) of SACCOS on relevant skills focusing on
effective operation & accounting system as per
Tanzania cooperative ACT No 20 of 2003.
x
Trainees,
Trainers,
stationeries,
money,
transport,
meals,
accommodati
on and
drinks.
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
2.5 To facilitate the SACCO’S committee to
prepare SACCOS constitution, loan policy,
savings and deposits policy.
Stationeries,
transport,
meals,
accommodati
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
16
x on and
drinks.
2.6 Assist the SACCOS interim committee to
register the SACCOS as per Tanzania cooperative
ACT NO 20 of 2003.
x
Money for
networking,
transport,
meals &
accommodati
on.
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
2.7 support interim committee members to visit
other similar organization within Tanzania for
learning purpose.
x
Meals,
accommodati
on, transport
costs and
institutional
fees.
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
OBJECTVE 3.0.
Increase savings, deposits and shares to 60,000,000/= by the end of 2009.
Activities
Project month.
Resources needed. Person
responsible.
j a s o n d j f m a m j
3.1 Conduct promotion activities through use of
meetings, T-shirts, posters and leaflets.
x
x
Money, t-shirts,
posters, leaflets &
transport costs
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student
3.2 Provide prizes like special T-shirts, 1-2 shares
to members with more savings/shares.
Money, t-shirts &
transport costs
UMAKWA
Chairperson
17
x x & CED
student
OBJECTIVE 4.0
To increase employment opportunities to 150 people by the end of 2009.
Activities
Project month.
Resources needed. Person
responsible.
j a s o n d j f m a m j
4.1 Train 54 leaders of IGAs on entrepreneurship
skills
x
Trainees, Trainers,
stationeries, money,
transport, meals,
accommodation and
drinks.
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
OBJECTIVE 5.0
To reduce 2% of disguised unemployment by the end of 2009.
Activities
Project month.
Resources
needed.
Person
responsible.
18
j a s o n d j f m a m j
5.1 Conduct sensitization meeting to the
community members on the importance of
establishing income generating activities.
x
x
Transport, meals,
soft drinks,
loudspeaker,
facilitator and
money for
facilitation fees.
UMAKWA
Chairperson &
CED student
5.2 Creating awareness to the community
members on the advantage of using financial
intermediaries like SACCOS, microfinance
institution to strengthen their businesses
x
x
Transport, meals,
soft drinks,
loudspeaker,
facilitator and
money for
facilitation fees.
UMAKWA
Chairperson &
CED student
OBJECTIVE 6.0
To increase the size of informal sector from 25% to 30% by the end of 2009.
Activities
Project month.
Resources needed. Person
responsible.
j a s o n d j f m a m j
6.1 To sensitize and mobilize youth to engage
them in the informal sector.
x
x
Transport, meals, soft
drinks, loudspeaker,
facilitator and money
for facilitation fees.
UMAKWA
Chairperson &
CED student
19
OBJECTIVE 7.0
To support SACCO’s staff for effective and efficient project implementation.
Activities
Project month.
Resources
needed.
Person
responsible.
j a s o n d j f m a m j
1.7.1 Facilitate staff salary payment to the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
x
x
x
x
Money,
stationeries,
employees.
SACCOS
Chairperson &
MANAGER
1.7.2 Facilitate benefit payment to the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
x
x
x
x
Money,
stationeries,
employees
SACCOS
Chairperson &
MANAGER
1.7.3 Facilitate salary payment to the SACCOS
Account clerk.
x
x
x
x
Money,
stationeries,
employees
SACCOS
Chairperson &
MANAGER
1.7.4 Facilitate benefit payment to the SACCOS
Account clerk.
x
x
x
x
Money,
stationeries,
employees
SACCOS
Chairperson &
MANAGER
20
4.0 PROJECT MONITORING & EVALUATION PLAN
Objectives
Activities
Indicators
Data source
Methods/tools
Person
responsible
Time frame
1.0. Increase
knowledge and
practice of
microenterprise to 54
groups of income
generating activities
by the end of 2009.
1.1 To conduct 4 trainings on
microenterprise knowledge to
160 people for 2 days.
#of trainings
conducted.
#of days for the
training.
- Training reports.
- Attendance list.
-documentary review
- focus group
discussion
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members.
-CED student.
July-oct 08.
1.2 support IGA’s groups with
appropriate facilities (15 sewing
machines & 10 carpentry tools
#of community
members
attended the
trainings.
#of IGA groups
supported.
#of inputs
facilities
provided.
- Project reports.
- Handing over
reports.
- Distribution list.
- Observation.
-Documentary review.
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members.
-CED student.
November 08.
21
2.0
Increase the
knowledge,
participation and
management to 1,000
community members
on SACCOS issues by
the end to 2009
2.1 facilitate 17 sensitization and
awareness creation meetings to
community on SACCO’S issues.
# of
sensitization/awa
reness creation
meetings
conducted.
# of community
members
attended.
- Project repots.
- Minutes and
attendance list.
-observation
- documentary review
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
July 08.
2.2 facilitate selection of 15
SACCO’S interim committee
within their respective villages
and meet at Ovada for one day
workshop.
# of SACCO’s
interim
committee
members
selected.
# of work shop
conducted.
# of members
attended the
workshop.
- Project repots.
- Minutes and
attendance list.
- documentary review
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
July 08
2.3 Train 15 SACCO’S interim
committee members on effective
operation of primary SACCOS
for 2 days.
# of members
trained.
# of training
days.
- Training reports.
- Project reports.
- documentary review
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
September 08.
22
2.4 Train 2 key employees of
SACCOS (secretary &
Accounting clerk) on relevant
skills focusing on effective
operation & accounting system
and procedures.
# of employee
trained.
# of training
days.
- Training reports.
- Project reports.
- documentary review
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
November 08
2.5 To facilitate the SACCOS
interim committee to prepare
constitution, loan policy, savings
and deposits policy.
# of constitution
prepared.
# of loan policy
prepared.
# of saving and
deposits policy
prepared.
- Project reports.
- Documentary review.
-Observation
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
November 08
2.6 Assist the interim committee
to register the SACCOS legally.
# of SACCOS
registered and
operating.
# of certificates
of registration
received.
- Registration/project
reports.
- Original certificate
file.
- Documentary review.
-Observation
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
October 08
23
2.7 support interim committee
members to visit other similar
organization within Tanzania for
learning purpose.
# of learning
visits supported.
# of members
attended learning
visit.
- visit reports.
-project reports.
- Documentary review.
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
January 09.
3.0. Increase savings,
deposits and shares to
30,000,000/= by the
end of 2009.
3.1 Conduct promotion &
inauguration activities through
use of meetings T-shirts, posters
and leaflets.
# of promotion/
inauguration
events
facilitated.
# of t-shirts
distributed.
# of posters and
leaflets
distributed.
-project/ village report
-minutes and
attendance list.
- Distribution list.
-handing over reports.
- documentary review
- questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student.
Jan-febr 09.
3.2 Provide prizes (special Tshirts)
to 10 members with more
shares, savings and deposits.
# of special tshirts
distributed.
# of SACCO’s
members
received prizes.
- Project reports.
-Distribution lists.
-Handing over reports.
- Documentary review.
-Observation
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
Jan-febr 09.
4.0. Increase
employment
opportunity to 150
people by the end of
2009.
4.1 Train 54 group leaders of
IGAs on entrepreneurship skills.
# of group
leaders trained.
# of trainings
conducted.
# of training
days.
- Training reports.
- Project reports.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
March 09.
24
5.0 Reduce disguised
unemployment to 2%
by the end of 2009.
5.1 Conduct 17 sensitization
meetings to the community
members on the importance of
establishing income generating
activities.
# of sensitization
meetings
conducted.
# of community
members
attended.
- Project reports.
-Village meeting
minutes.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
Nov-Dec 08.
5.2 Creating awareness to the
community members on the
advantage of using financial
intermediaries like SACCOS,
microfinance institutions to
strengthen their businesses
# of awareness
creation meeting
conducted.
# of community
members
attended.
- Project reports.
-Village meeting
minutes.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
Sept-Oct 09.
6.0 Increase the size
of informal sector
from 25% to 30% by
the end of 2009.
6.1 conduct 17 sensitization
meeting and mobilize youth to
engage themselves in the
informal sector.
# of sensitization
meetings
conducted.
# of community
youths attended
- Project reports.
-Village meeting
minutes.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student.
Nov-Dec 08.
7.0 SACCO’s staff
supported for efficient
and active project
implementation by the
7.1 facilitate staff salary
payment to the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
# of staff
facilitated with
salary.
- Project reports.
- Salary slips.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student.
Marc-Dec 09.
7.2 facilitate benefit payment to
the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
# of staff
facilitated with
benefits.
- Project reports.
- Salary slips.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO chair person
- Comty members
- CED student.
Marc-Dec 09
25
end of 2009. 7.3 facilitate salary payment to
the SACCOS Account clerk.
# of staff
facilitated with
salary payment.
- Project reports.
- Salary slips.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student.
Marc-Dec 09
7.4 facilitate benefit payment to
the SACCOS Account clerk.
# of staff
facilitated with
benefits
- Project reports.
- Salary slips.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student.
Marc-Dec 09
26
5.0 PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY PLAN.
5.1 SUSTAINABILITY.
The promotion of income generating activity, savings and credit project is a sustainable
project in the sense that it is a community based and owned from the planning stage to
evaluation stage. The community members who are the primary beneficiaries involved on
the identification and selection of the project.
The SACCOS which will be owned by the members from the community will depend on
the interest rate earned from the loan disbursed to its members. Other income will be
from penalties, grants and loan from other financial institutions. The SACCOS as one the
financial institution can mobilize savings from the community members, where by it can
use that savings for business and investment promotion in the community.
In additional, strengthening small and medium enterprises/business provide wealth and
ownership opportunities to the groups that face socio-economic exclusion and
discrimination. Therefore, individual members and groups participating in micro
business increase their rate of business ownership. Strengthening of
microenterprises/micro businesses is a unique process in this project in the sense
that it offers individuals the opportunity not only to generate income but also build
assets and to save as owners, not just workers. All these substantiate the project
sustainability.
5.2 SUSTAINABILITY PLAN AND SUSTAINABE DEVELOPMENT.
The project aimed at sustainable development economically, socially and
environmentally. Through increase knowledge and practice of microenterprises to
community members increase savings, deposits and shares will lead to efficient
27
utilization of accumulated resources (money) where by investors can access easily and
invest the money in productive businesses hence increase income and wealth among the
community members.
Moreover, the use of income generating activity groups and SACCO’s groups will
increase social coercion and social capital among community members. Women
participation in income generating activities and in savings and credit will be highly
encouraged to empower women and eventually take leadership position.
The project will emphasize more on the women and girls participation during the
formation of socio-economic group. Parents will be sensitized to save more for their
children’s needs such school fees and other education support for both (girls and boys)
other social groups like traditional dancing groups football clubs, FBO’s groups
(churches & mosques) will be organized & mobilized to form groups and join SACCOS
people with disabilities and other abnormalities will be sensitized and encouraged to form
socio-economic groups so as join SACCOS.
In additions income generating activities and other informal sector activities which are
not environmental friendly will be discouraged. Business activities like charcoal burning
and fire wood selling business will be discourage instead environmentally friendly
activities like use of biogas, seedlings and tree planting activities will be highly
supported.
Other stake holders like financial institutions such as Banks will be involved for financial
consultations and advice pertaining finance issues. UMAKWA CBO and World Vision
will continue to support the project financially.
28
The District government particularly through District community development and
cooperative officers will continue to guide the SACCOS and income generating
activities.
5.3 STRATEGIC PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT.
The project is highly supported by the community, local government authority and other
NGOs like World Vision due to the fact that, they were all involved in design. As
outlined in the project design, the community members are the owners of income
generating businesses (entrepreneurs) and also owners of the formed SACCOS by paying
their entrance fee, buying shares and depositing savings and deposits in the SACCOS.
They are willing to attend the workshop and trainings by contributing transport cost to the
respective workshop/training venue on top of other labour power and in kind
contribution.
The government authority as an important stake holder will be responsible for legal
registration of the SACCOS and small & medium enterprises in the community. The
District development officer, Business/commercial officer and Cooperative development
officer will be the lead facilitators/trainers of the business group’s entrepreneurs,
SACCO’S management board and other sub-committees.
However World Vision and UMAKWA CBO is going to provide financial assistance
regarding all training costs including training fees and other related cost. Both World
vision and UMAKWA CBO agreed to support the project because it is in like with their
strategic plan of empowering the poor community in sustainable issues. World Vision
through its community based programme at Kwamtoro will offer a temporary office
freely for a new established SACCOS.
29
Commercial banks like NBC, CRDB and NMB are other important stake holders’ in
terms of financial services.
Nevertheless, the overall objective of the project is to contribute to sustainable
development and poverty reduction in line with the National vision of 2025 and the
National strategy for growth and reduction of poverty (NSGRP/MKUKUTA) as well as
other national development and poverty reduction programmes. It is also in line with the
small and medium enterprise development policy of 2002, whose overall objective is to
foster job creation and income generation through promoting the creation of new small
and medium enterprises and improving the performance and contribution to the Tanzania
economy. One of the policy statement states that, the government will promote
entrepreneurship development through facilitating improved access of small and medium
enterprises to financial and non financial services.
Another policy sustaining the project is the national microfinance policy (2000) which
covers the provision of financial services to household, small holder farmers and small
micro enterprises in rural areas as well as in the urban sector. The cooperative
development policy of (2002) and the cooperative ACT NO 20 of 2003 both emphasizes
on cooperatives which are member based i.e. owned and controlled by members for
sustainability.
The two organization supporting the project (World vision and UMAKWA CBO)
guarantee the support to the project in long term due to the fact that it is a community
based organization, in the sense that, members of UMAKWA are also members of
SACCOS and other microenterprise/businesses, while World Vision maintains
relationship with their respective area Development programmes and handover all the
30
activities to the CBO and community after the end of programme. In principle World
Vision programme are run in collaboration with the respective communities.
The project will be institutionalized through the formation of SACCOS which is
established by socio economic group of 10 -20 group members. Apart from improving
the social coercion it improve the sense of social/community ownership and a self
guaranteed of the member on financial loan issues in their SACCOS and other financial
intermediaries.
The project will be sustainable over time due to the fact that, the SACCOS established
will play a great role in financial services within the area. The income generating
activities will be strengthened, while SACCO’s members will be increasing their
portfolio for self reliance in terms of capital for their respective business and other
social obligations.
My expectation for future therefore is to have a community with a strong SACCOS
which can provide/carter the member’s demand of capital for their small and medium
enterprises.
Among other things which may be needed to improve the projects sustainability is the
existence of social and political peace and stability in the country and Kwamtoro area in
particular others are practical commitment and implementation of the government
policies pertaining the project.
The sustainability indicators to monitor the sustainability of the project includes,
- varied source of funding sources
- Number of community members continuing participating in project planning
process.
31
- budget within reach of community
- number of technically competent staff in the project
- Progressive growth of project in terms of members and their portfolio capital
shares, saving, deposits.
- Number of community leaders supporting the project.
- More than 85% percent of loan repayment.
The data collection method using participatory research methods includes; interview
method through questionnaires. Other methods to be used are focus group
discussion, documentary review, transact walk and observation methods.
6.0 CONCLUSION.
The project therefore, will focus on improving economic status of the community
members, where by, the project's problem statement is “promotion of income
generating activities, savings and credit initiatives at Kwamtoro, Lalta and Ovada
wards Kondoa District, Dodoma Region.”
The concentration will be to tackle the problem of income poverty by reducing the
problem where by the identified causes are; unreliable markets, insufficient existing
businesses/income generating activities or microenterprises, lack of entrepreneurship
skills, lack of financial intermediaries, inadequate capital and low per capita income. The
income poverty in the community resulted(effects) to poor housing(muddy grass roofed
houses), inability to fulfill basic needs like education, food, medical care and treatment
and other social obligations, poor/low savings, low money circulation, small size of
informal sector, disguised unemployment, deforestation and environmental degradation.
32
The main project objectives are; to increase the knowledge and practices of
microenterprise to 54 income generating activity groups (160) members’ people by the
end of 2009, to increase the knowledge, participation and management of 1,000
community members on SACCOS issues by the end of 2009, to increase savings, shares
and deposit to 60,000,000/= by the end of 2009, to increase employment opportunities to
150 peoples by the end of 2009, to reduce disguised unemployment by 2% in October
2009 and to Increase the size of informal sector from 25% - 30% by the end of 2009.
33
7.0 REFERENCES.
CEDPA (1994), Project Design for Program Managers:
Kondoa District profile.
National Population census report, (2002).
Narayan, J.R.M. (1962). Participation and social assessment. Tools and
techniques.
Rwegoshora, H.M.M. (2006). A guide to social science research.
Shigukulu, Z.F. (2007). Kwamtoro Participatory Assessment.
Young, Trevor (2000). Successive Project management.
34
8.0 APPENDICES/ANNEXES.
8.1 Logical frame work matrix.
PROJECT OBJECTIVE.
OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE
INDICATOR
MEANS OF VERIFICATION
COSTS.
COMMENTS/
ASSUMPTIONS
DESCRIPTION.
TARGET
BASEL
INE
DATA SOURCE
TIMING
RESPONSIBLITY
GOAL
To improve socioeconomic
status of the
Kwamtoro, Lalta and
Ovada Community.
Political and
peace stability in
the area and
country.
PURPOSE 1
To strengthen 54 groups of
income generating
activities in Kwamtoro,
Lalta and Ovada Wards.
# of groups existing
and performing their
activities
54 0 Project report.
-field visit report.
-evaluation report.
trienniall
y
UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
Government
maintain the
policies
supporting the
project.
PURPOSE 2.
To establish saving and
credit cooperative society
in the community.
# of SACCOS
Performing financial
activities efficiently.
1 0 Project report.
-field visit report.
-evaluation report.
trienniall
y
UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
OUTPUT 1. 1.0
Increased knowledge and
practices of
microenterprise to 54
income generating activity
groups (160) members’
people by the end of 2009.
# of groups
knowledgeable and
practicing
microenterprise
54
0
-Project report.
-field visit report.
-evaluation report.
annually
-CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members.
35
ACTIVITY1.1.1
To conduct 4 trainings on
microenterprise knowledge
to 160 people for 2 days.
# of group’s
members trained.
# of training days
160
2
0
0
-Training reports. Annually -CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
2,880,000/=
ACTVITY 1.1.2
support IGA’s groups with
appropriate facilities (15
sewing machines & 10
carpentry tools
# of IGA groups
supported with
sewing machines.
# of IGA groups
supported with
carpentry tools.
15
10
0
0
-project report.
-distribution list.
Annually
-CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
2,500,000/=
OUTPUT 1.2.0
Increased knowledge,
participation and
management to 1,000
community members on
SACCO’s issues by the
end of 2009.
# of community
members joined
SACCOS.
# of Community
members
knowledgeable in
SACCOS
Management.
1,000
15
0
0
-Project report.
-SACCO’S
membership
register/ledger.
Monthly
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
ACTIVITY 1.2.1
Facilitate 17 sensitization
and awareness creation
meetings to community on
SACCO’S issues.
# of
sensitization/awaren
ess creation
meetings conducted.
# of community
members attended.
17 0 - Project repots.
- Minutes and
attendance list.
Annually CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
1,000,000/=
ACTIVITY I.2.2
Facilitate selection of 15
SACCO’S interim
committee within their
respective villages and
meet at Ovada for one day
workshop.
# of SACCO’s
interim committee
members selected.
# of work shop
conducted.
# of members
attended the
workshop.
15
1
15
0
0
0
- Project repots.
- Minutes and
attendance list.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
105,000/=
36
ACTIVITY 1.2.3
Train 15 SACCO’S interim
committee members on
effective operation of
primary SACCOS for 2
days
# of members
trained.
# of training days.
15
2
0
0
- Training reports.
- Project reports.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
470,010/=
ACTIVITY 1.2.4
Train 2 key employees of
SACCOS (secretary &
Accounting clerk) on
relevant skills focusing on
effective operation &
accounting system and
procedures.
# of employee
trained.
# of training days.
2
3
0
0
- Training reports.
- Project reports.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
2,000,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.2.5
To facilitate the SACCOS
interim committee to
prepare constitution, loan
policy, savings and
deposits policy.
# of constitution
prepared.
# of loan policy
prepared.
# of saving and
deposits policy
prepared.
1
1
1
0
0
0
- Project reports.
-Approved hard copy
documents in place/in
use.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
150,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.2.6
Assist the interim
committee to register the
SACCOS legally.
# of SACCOS
registered and
operating.
# of certificates of
registration
received.
1
1
0
0
- Registration/project
reports.
- Original certificate in
file.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
300,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.2.7
Support interim committee
members to visit other
similar organization within
Tanzania for learning
purpose.
# of learning visits
supported.
# of participants
1
15
0
0
- visit reports.
-project reports.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
4,500,000/=
37
OUTPUT 1.3.0
Increased savings,
deposits and shares to
30,000,000/= by the end of
2009.
Amount of money
collected as shares,
saving and deposits.
30 millions 0 -project report
Monthly
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
ACTIVITY 1.3.1
Conduct promotion &
inauguration activities
through use of meetings Tshirts,
posters and leaflets.
# of promotion/
inauguration events
facilitated.
# of t-shirts
distributed.
# of posters and
leaflets distributed.
1
250
500
0
0
0
-project/ village report
-minutes and
attendance list.
- Distribution list.
-handing over reports.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
3,750,000/=
1,500,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.3.2
Provide prizes (special Tshirts)
to 10 members with
more shares, savings and
deposits.
# of special t-shirts
distributed.
# of SACCO’s
members received
prizes.
10
10
0
0
- Project reports.
-Distribution lists.
-Handing over reports.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
300,000/=
OUTPUT 1.4.0
Increased employment
opportunity to 150 peoples
by the end of 2009.
# of people
employed
150 0 -project report Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
ACTIVITY 1.4.1
Train 54 group leaders of
IGAs on entrepreneurship
skills.
# of group leaders
trained.
# of trainings
conducted.
# of training days.
54
2
0
0
- Training reports.
- Project reports
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
972,000/=
OUTPUT 1.5.0
Reduced disguised
unemployment to 2% by
the end of 2009.
% of unemployment
reduced
2% 0 -project reports Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
38
ACTIVITY1.5.1
Conduct 17 sensitization
meetings to the community
members on the
importance of establishing
income generating
activities.
# of sensitization
meetings conducted.
# of community
members attended.
17
17
0
0
- Project reports.
-Village meeting
minutes.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
1,000,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.5.2
Creating awareness to the
community members on
the advantage of using
financial intermediaries
like SACCOS,
microfinance institutions to
strengthen their businesses
# of awareness
creation meeting
conducted.
# of community
members attended.
17
1700
0
0
- Project reports.
-Village meeting
minutes.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
1,000,000/=
OUTPUT 1.6.0
Increased size of informal
sector from 25% to 30%
by the end of 2009.
% increase of
informal sector
5% 0 -project report. Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
ACYIVITY 1.6.1
Conduct 17 sensitization
meeting and mobilize
youth to engage them in
the informal sector.
# of sensitization
meetings conducted.
# of community
youths attended
17
54
0
0
- Project reports.
-Village meeting
minutes.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
1,000,000/=
OUTPUT 1.7.0
SACCO’s staff supported
for efficient and active
project implementation by
the end of 2009.
# of SACCO’S staff
supported.
2 0 -Employees
file/records
Monthly
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
39
ACTIVITY 1.7.1
Facilitate staff salary
payment to the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
# of staff facilitated
with salary.
1 0 - Project reports.
- Salary slips.
Monthly SACCO’S
Chairperson &
Manager.
2,160,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.7.2
Facilitate benefit payment
to the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
# of staff facilitated
with benefits.
1 0 - Project reports.
- Salary slips.
Monthly
SACCO’S
Chairperson &
Manager.
216,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.7.3
Facilitate salary payment
to the SACCOS Account
clerk.
# of staff facilitated
with salary payment.
1 0 - Project reports.
- Salary slips.
Monthly
SACCO’S
Chairperson &
Manager.
1,800,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.7.4
Facilitate benefit payment
to the SACCOS Account
clerk.
# of staff facilitated
with benefits
1 0 - Project reports.
- Salary slips.
Monthly
SACCO’S
Chairperson &
Manager.
180,000/=
8.2 Project budget spreadsheet (profoma).
Activities/items Quantity Costs per
item in Tshs
Total cost for
the whole
project.
Terms of reference for
activities
Donor/funder.
1.1 To conduct 4 trainings on microenterprise knowledge to
160 people for 2 days.
160
9,000x2=
18,000/=
2,880,000/=
- Meals.
- Accommodation.
- Training fees.
- Stationeries.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
40
1.2 support 25 IGA’s groups with appropriate facilities (15
sewing machines & 10 carpentry tools
25
100,000/=
2,500,000/=
- Purchase of 15 sewing
machines.
- 10 carpentry tools i.e.
screw hammers, cutting
saws.
- Transport costs.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
2.1 facilitate 17 sensitization and awareness creation
meetings to community on SACCO’S issues.
17
58,824/=
1,000,000/=
- Car hire/fuel.
- Meals for facilitators.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
2.2 facilitate selection of 15 SACCO’S interim committee
members within their respective villages and meet at Ovada
for one day workshop.
15
7,000/=
105,000/=
- Transport costs.
- Meals (breakfast &
lunch only)
Community
members.
2.3 Train 15 SACCO’S interim committee members on
effective operation of primary SACCOS for 2 days
15
15,667 x 2=
470,010/=
- Meals.
- Accommodation.
- Training fees.
- Stationeries.
- Transport costs
UMAKWA CBO.
2.4 Train 2 key employees of SACCOS (secretary &
Accounting clerk) on relevant skills focusing on effective
operation & accounting system and procedures.
2
1,000,000x2=
2,000,000/=
- Meals & transport costs
- Accommodation.
- Training fees.
- Stationeries.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
41
2.5 To facilitate the SACCOS interim committee to prepare
constitution, loan policy, savings and deposits policy.
3
50,000/=
150,000/=
- Secretarial services.
- Meals.
- Accommodation.
- Transport,
Community
members.
2.6 Assist the interim committee to register the SACCOS
legally.
2
150,000x2=
300,000/=
- networking costs with Distr &
Region Coop officers.
- meals and transport costs
- Registration fees.
UMAKWA CBO.
2.7 support interim committee members to visit other similar
organization within Tanzania for learning purpose.
15
300,000/=
4,500,000/=
- Meals.
- Accommodation.
- Visiting fee if any.
- Transport costs
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
3.1 Conduct promotion & inauguration activities through use
of meetings, T-shirts, posters and leaflets.
250 tshirts.
500
posters &
leaflets
15,000/=
3,000/=
3,750,000/=
1,500,000/=
- Design & print.
- Purchase t-shirts.
- Design, print &
purchase of posters &
leaflets.
- Transportation costs
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
3.2 Provide prizes (special T-shirts) to 10 members with
more shares, savings and deposits.
10
30,000/=
300,000/=
- Design & print.
- Procurement of special
t-shirts.
- Transportation costs
UMAKWA CBO.
4.1 Train 54 group leaders of IGAs on entrepreneurship
skills.
54
9,000x2=
972,000/=
- Fare costs.
- Meals &
accommodation.
- Training fees.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
5.1 Conduct 17 sensitization meetings to the community
members on the importance of establishing income
generating activities.
17
58,824/=
1,000,000/=
- Car hire/fuel.
- Meals for facilitators.
- Facilitation fees.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
42
5.2 Creating awareness to the community members on the
advantage of using financial intermediaries like SACCOS,
microfinance institutions to strengthen their businesses
17
58,824/=
1,000,000/=
- Car hire/fuel.
- Meals for facilitators.
- Facilitation fees.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
6.1 conduct 17 sensitization meeting and mobilize youth to
engage themselves in the informal sector.
17
58,824/=
1,000,000/=
- Car hire/fuel.
- Meals for facilitators.
- Facilitation fees.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
7.1 facilitate salary payment to the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
1
180,000/=
2,160,000/=
- NSSF Payment.
- Salary payment.
- Pay as you earn.
SACCOS/
community members
7.2 facilitate benefit payment to the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
1
18,000/=
216,000/=
- NSSF Payment by
employer.
SACCOS/
community members
7.3 facilitate salary payment to the SACCOS Account clerk.
1
150,000/=
1,800,000/=
- NSSF Payment.
- Salary payment.
- Pay as you earn.
SACCOS/
community members
7.4 facilitate benefit payment to the SACCOS Account clerk.
1
15,000/=
180,000/=
- NSSF Payment by
employer.
SACCOS/
community members
TOTAL PROJECT BUDGET. 27,783,000/=
43
8.3 SACCOS ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE.
SACCOS GENERAL MEETING.
Executive
Committee
Board Secretary
Supervision
committee.
KWAMTORO WARD
SACCOS COMMITTEE.
Loan
committee
OVADA WARD
SACCOS
COMMITTEE.
LALTA WARD
SACCOS
COMMITTEE.
Village socioeconomic
group
Village
socioeconomic
group
Village
socioeconomic
group
Village socioeconomic
group
Village
socioecon
group
Village
socioeconomic
group
SACCOS
manager
Account
clerk
44
8.4 JOB DESCRIPTION FOR SACCO’S STAFF.
JOB DESCRIPTION FOR ACCOUNT CLERK JOB DESCRIPTION FOR SACCOS MANAGER.
- Report to the SACCO’S Manager.
- Prepare and keep financial and other documents.
- Receive all money and reconcile inflows and out
flows.
- Collect loans, prepare bank reconciliation,
monthly report, list of creditors and submit to the
Board.
- Assist members to fill loan forms and implement
daily financial activities.
- To do any other responsibilities as required by the
manager/Board.
- Report to the SACCO’S Management Board.
- Receive and respond to all correspondence accordingly.
- Prepare all General meetings and other SACCO’s meetings.
- Responsible for all communication on behalf of SACCOS.
- To ensure that all SACCO’S money and other assets are kept safely.
- Prepare short and long term plans, budget and SACCO’S reports.
- Advice the management Board on all issues pertaining employment, expenditures,
business management and administrative issues.
- He/she is the custodian of all important SACCO’S documents.
- To supervise and coordinate all SACCO’S economic activities.
- To do any other responsibilities as required by the Board.
45
COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.
ICD 531: PROJECT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT.
DAR ES SALAAM – CENTRE.
SUBJECT: PROJECT PLAN REPORT.
Project implementation plans,
Project monitoring & evaluation plan,
Project sustainability plans.
STUDENT: SHIGUKULU, ZACHARIA FULI.
Email. shigukulu06@yahoo.co.uk
Tel. 0784425498 or 0754830713.
CLASS: 3
INSTRUCTOR: DR HUSSEIN SINDA
DATE: JUNE, 2008.
1
TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE.
1.0 TABLE OF CONTENT………………………………………………………..1
2.0 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………..2
2.1 DEFINITIONS…………………………………………………….…3
2.2 PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT AND ITS FINDINGS……….…4
2.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION……......5
3.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN……………………………………...9
3.1 Description of activities and outputs…………………………………...9
3.2 Inputs, staffing pattern and budget…………………………………….11
3.3 Project implementation plan table……………………………………..15
4.0 PROJECT MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAME WORK……….21
5.0 PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY PLAN…………………………….….…….27
5.1 Sustainability…………………………………………………...……..27
5.2 Sustainability plan and sustainable development..................................27
5.3 Strategic planning and management……………………………..…..29
6.0 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………..…..32
7.0 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………..34
8.0 APPENDICES/ANNEXES…………………………………………….……..35
8.1 Logical frame work matrix………………………………………….…40
8.2 Project budget spreadsheet (proforma)………………………………...35
8.3 SACCO’S Organization structure……………………………….……44
8.4 Job description for SACCO’S staff……………………………….…..45
2
2.0 INTRODUCTION.
This project is the outcome of the joint effort done during the participatory assessment
by the kwamtoro community, UMAKWA CBO (the host organization), other stake
holders and the CED student. The participatory assessment included Community
assessment, Economic assessment, Environmental assessment and the Health assessment.
This paper will provide meaning of basic concepts together with the analytical
description of the project implementation plan, project monitoring & evaluation and
project sustainability plan in a detailed manner.
The project is going to take place in the three Wards of Kwamtoro, Lalta and Ovada in
the Kwamtoro Division within Kondoa District in Dodoma Region.
The total villages to be covered are 17 with the coverage area of 950 square kilometer,
while the total population estimated to be 38,528 at a projected rate of 2.9% as per 2002
National population census.
The project has two components, where by the first component is to promote
income generating activities and microenterprises while the second component will
be promotion of savings and credit initiatives through formation of community
owned saving and credit cooperative society (SACCOS).
This initiative will solve a number of problems identified during participatory
assessment such as ; poor savings and investment, low money circulation in the local
economy, low income among community members caused by lack/ inadequate
capital, lack of entrepreneurship skills, lack of financial intermediaries and
unemployment.
3
2.1 DEFINITIONS.
Project implementation plan is a systematic list of activities planed in order to
accomplish the project objectives, while activities are series of specific steps or tasks
carried out in order to achieve an objective. They require resources, have a sequence and
have some one responsible for carrying them out. In other words, activities are actions in
the context of programming which are both necessary and sufficient, and through which
inputs (financial, human, technical and material resources) are mobilized to produce
specific outputs or contribute to the outcome. Activities may also be referred to as
“Development interventions”
The components of an implementation plan are project objectives, activities, person
responsible, time frame (starting and ending points) and necessary resources. Project
implementation plan is the tool for planning, monitoring/supervision, allocation of
resources and evaluation.
Participatory project monitoring and evaluation plan is the systematic series/steps of
monitoring and evaluation activities planed in a participatory manner (involves all project
stake holders). A participatory project monitoring is the continuous function that aims
primarily to provide managers and main stake holders with regular feedback and early
indications of progress or lack thereof in the achievement of intended results. Monitoring
tracks the actual performance or situation against what was planed or expected according
to pre-determined standards. It involves collecting and analyzing data on implementation
processes, strategies & results and recommendation corrective measures. All these are
done in participatory way (involving all project stake holders). Participatory evaluation
is the collective examination and assessment of the programme/project by the stake
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holders and beneficiaries. Participatory evaluation are reflective, action oriented, and
seek to build capacity. Participatory evaluations are primarily oriented to the
information needs of the stake holders rather than the donor who act as facilitator.
Project sustainability plan is the systematic outlines which explain the continuity or the
capacity of the project to continue functioning supported by its own resources (human,
material and financial) even when external source of funding have ended. Or it explains
the durability of positive programme/project result after the termination of the technical
cooperation channeled through that programme or project.
Static sustainability- the continuous flow of the same benefits set in motion by the target
by the completed programme or project, to the same target groups and/or other groups.
For an out come, it reflect whether the positive changes in development situation will
endure. The list of inputs that lead to sustainability of the project includes;
community participation in the project planning process, community recognition of
real needs, varied funding sources, technically, competent staff, budget within reach
of community, progressive growth of project, properly phased activities, politically
feasible, appropriate collaboration with other agencies, support of community
leaders, use of appropriate technology in the intervention, revolving funding.
2.2 PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT AND ITS FINDINGS.
The participatory assessment conducted jointly by the Kwamtoro community, the
host organization (UMAKWA CBO), other stake holders and the CED student. The
assessment included community assessment, economic assessment, health
assessment and Environ mental assessment. The methodologies used during the
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participatory assessment included, interview method through questionnaires. Other
methods used were focus group discussion, documentary review and observation
methods.
The findings/problems observed/identified during participatory assessment
includes; inadequate capital, low per capital income (100,000/= Tshs), far walking
distance to access basic needs (water, markets, shops, dispensary, rural health
clinics, schools and milling machines) which is 2 to 10 kms. Poor housing i.e. muddy
grass roofed houses, high labor outflows i.e. youths are moving to towns for job
search as job house girls/boys and barmaids, very few existing business, no reliable
markets, lack of entrepreneurship skills Lack of financial institution in the
community until 85 km in Kondoa/Singida or 165 kms in Dodoma, low money
circulation, poor infrastructures low savings, about 25% of disguised
unemployment, small size of informal sector benefiting less than 25% of the
population. Deforestation caused by uncontrolled livestock grazing, fire wood and
charcoal burning, wild fire outbreak caused by honey collectors and hunters.
2.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION.
After going through the problems/findings identified during the participatory assessment,
the community, stake holders, the host organization (UMAKWA CBO), and the CED
student, agreed to prioritize the problem basing on beneficiaries priority, and also basing
on student aspiration, Education background and experience, we opted to focus on
developing local capacity to sustain community economic development. The
concentration will be to tackle the problem of income poverty by reducing the
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problem where by the identified causes are; unreliable markets, insufficient existing
businesses/income generating activities or microenterprises, lack of
entrepreneurship skills, lack of financial intermediaries, inadequate capital and low
per capita income. The income poverty in the community resulted(effects) to poor
housing(muddy grass roofed houses), inability to fulfill basic needs like education,
food, medical care and treatment and other social obligations, poor/low savings, low
money circulation, small size of informal sector, disguised unemployment,
deforestation and environmental degradation.
The project therefore, will focus on mobilizing and creating community awareness on
income generating activities, savings and credit initiative, where by the existing income
generating activities will be strengthened and mobilized to form a strong community
based/owned savings and credit cooperative society. Under the project, the existing
business groups (small and microenterprises) will be empowered through business
trainings to equip them with entrepreneurial skills. Other new interested community
members will be encouraged to start microenterprises and be trained in microenterprise
skills.
In addition, the empowered economic/business groups together with other community
members will be sensitized and mobilized to join and form a strong community owned
saving and credit cooperative society. By so doing members will eventually save and
borrow money for their small and micro businesses.
The target community/beneficiaries are expected to participate in the project
implementation by attending fully in the workshop and entrepreneurship trainings and
sensitization meetings by also covering the transport cost to the training venues/centre.
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Moreover, the potential members are expected to contribute through entrance fee, buying
shares, saving and depositing their little earning voluntarily to the SACCOS. The interim
committee selected by the community will offer service on voluntary basis.
The initiative will not only increase savings, investments and money circulation in the
economy but also raise income level, employment and business ownership among
community members. There fore, the project's problem statement is “promotion of
income generating activities, savings and credit initiatives at Kwamtoro, Lalta and
Ovada wards.”
Target community.
The project targeted to serve the total population of 33,010, where by 9,293 is adult
female, 8,372 are adult males, 5,917 are boys and 9,438 are girls. The coverage area will
be under the three Wards of Kwamtoro, Lalta, and Ovada in Kwamtoro Division, which
encompasses of a total of 17 Villages namely; Ndoroboni, Kwamtoro, Msera, Ilasee,
Magambua, Handa, Lahoda, Manantu, Wairo, Kisande, Dinae, Ovada, Mengu,
Kinyamsindo, Takwa, Jogolo and Baaba.
Stake holders.
There are other stake holders in the project. The first one is the Kondoa District council,
where by the cooperative development officer and the community development officer
will participate to guide the formation of microenterprise and SACCOS as per National
policies and guidance. They are going to be the Lead trainers of the groups and SACCOS
in general and facilitate legal aspects towards registration.
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Another important stake holder is World Vision Tanzania, who is going to offer
financial assistance particularly in all trainings costs by covering training fees and
related costs. World vision agreed to support the initiative because it is in line with its
strategic plan of empowering the poor community in sustainable issues. World vision
through its community based programme at Kwamtoro, will offer a temporary
office freely for a new established SACCOS. Commercial banks like NBC, CRDB
will be other stake holders in terms of financial services.
Project goal.
To improve socio- economic status of the Kwamtoro, Lalta and Ovada Wards,
Kondoa district, Dodoma Region, Tanzania.
Project purpose.
To strengthen 54 groups of income generating activities in Kwamtoro, Lalta and
Ovada.
To establish saving and credit cooperative society in the community.
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Project objectives.
Increase the knowledge and practices of microenterprise to 54 income generating
activity groups (160) members’ people by the end of 2009.
To increase the knowledge, participation and management of 1,000 community
members on SACCOS issues by the end of 2009.
To increase savings, shares and deposit to 60,000,000/= by the end of 2009.
To increase employment opportunities to 150 peoples by the end of 2009.
To reduce disguised unemployment by 2% in October 2009.
To Increase the size of informal sector from 25% - 30% by the end of 2009.
3.0 PROJECT OF IMPLIMENTATION PLAN.
3.1 Description of activities and outputs.
At the end of the second year, the project will accomplish a variety of activities and
generates a number of products and outputs. The activities to be accomplished
includes; trainings to 54 groups of income generating activities on microenterprise
skills, supporting income generating with appropriate facilities like sewing machines and
carpentry tools/inputs. Sensitize and create awareness to the community members on
microenterprise knowledge and informal sector.
In addition, the community members will be sensitized and equipped knowledge on the
importance of saving and credit cooperative society (SACCOS) and the advantage of
saving and depositing of their little earnings to the community owned SACCOS.
The project will facilitate the selection of SACCO’s interim committees of 15 members
and train them on effective operation of primary SACCOS. The interim committee
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members will form the Management Board, Supervision committee, loan committee,
education and promotion sub-committee. The key employees such as SACCO’s
secretary/manager and Account clerk will be trained on the relevant skills focusing on
effective operation and accounting system as per the Tanzania Cooperative Development
policy of 2002, and the Cooperative ACT no 20 of 2003.
Moreover, the project will facilitate the SACCOS interim committee to prepare SACCOS
constitution, loan policy, and savings and deposits policy and eventually assist the
committee to register the SACCOS legally, in collaboration with the Kondoa District
Cooperative officer. During constitution preparation, the SACCO’s mission and vision
will be taken care of. The project will assist the interim committee to visit other similar
organization within Tanzania for learning purposes.
After the registration, the project will facilitate promotion activities through use of
inaugurations functions, promotion meetings accompanied with the use of t-shirts, posters
and leaflets, and provide of prizes like shares and special t-shirts to those members with
more savings and deposits.
However training of income generating activist group leader and training the community
on the entrepreneurship skills and importance of establishing income generating activities
and small and medium enterprises will lead to increase of employment to about 150
people and reduce disguised unemployment by 2%.
on the other hand the community members will be sensitized and equipped on the
advantages of using financial intermediaries like microfinance institutions, their own
SACCOS, and hence strengthen their business and eventually increase the size of
informal sector from 25% to 30% by the end of 2009.
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After the performance and accomplishment of the above activities, the expected
outputs/products are; 160 community members trained and practicing
microenterprise/businesses in the community, 25 groups of income generating activities
supported with appropriate facilities such as sewing machines and carpentry tools/inputs.
1,000 or more members joined the SACCOS with a minimum average of 3 shares of
5,000 each and 45,000 saving & deposits per each member. The Management Board and
other sub-committee will be in place and exercising their respective responsibilities. 2
trained key employees (SACCO’s manager and Account clerk) in place and working with
the SACCOS. At the end of the project, the registered SACCO’S important documents
such as constitution, loan policy, saving and deposits policy will be in place and in use.
Other output expected are 250 t-shirts, 500 posters and leaflets distributed to community
members and SACCOS members. 10 special t-shirts distributed to winners of the share,
savings and deposits competition during the promotion activities aiming at increasing
shares, savings and deposits to 60 millions Tshs.
The 54 trained group leaders and 150 peoples employed as a result of new employment
opportunities created. The size of informal sector expected to increase from 25% to 30%
by the end of year 2009.
3.2 Inputs, staffing pattern and budget.
(a) Inputs.
During project implementation, there must be a number of inputs to be used to enable the
activity accomplishment. These inputs include; training facilities/equipments such as
flipcharts, note books/exercises books, ball pens, transport facilities, motor vehicles,
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loudspeakers, t-shirts, posters & leaflets, financial documents like receipt books,
membership ledger book, passbooks, trainers/facilitators and funds/money.
Others are sewing machines, carpentry tools/inputs like hammers, cutting saws, other
documents such as Cooperative development policy of 2002, the Cooperative ACT no 20
of 2003, the small and medium enterprise development policy of 2000 as guideline and
references for the training and process towards registration of SACCOS and formation of
microenterprises and income generating activities.
(b) Staffing pattern.
Since the project involves also the formation of a community owned SACCOS, there
must be an organization structure which includes also staff for the day today
operation/running activities. The overall management of the SACCOS will be under the
Management Board of not more than 9 people including supervision committee of 3
peoples. The chairperson will lead the Management Board, which is accountable to the
general meeting assembly.
However, there must be a Secretary or SACCOS Manager who will supervise the day to
day activities and other staff. The SACCOS Manager is accountable to the Management
Board. Under the secretary or manager, there must be an Account clerk to deal with all
financial transaction and book keeper of the SACCOS.
The manager will need training on fund raising and business promotion, how to manage
the SACCOS, with reference to the Cooperative development policy of 2002 and
Cooperative act no 20 of 2003. The SACCOS Account clerk will need training on
SACCOS accounting, Cooperative accounting, book keeping and customer care services.
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(c) Budget.
The budget for this project will come from different stake holders. The host organization
(UMAKWA CBO), World Vision Tanzania through its community based Programme
(Kwamtoro Area Development Programme), the community and the Kondoa District
council will contribute towards the project implementation.
World Vision through Kwamtoro Area Development Programme will provide a
temporary office at Ovada village free of charge. Kwamtoro Area Development
Programme will bear all the training costs pertaining income generating activities,
microenterprise, entrepreneurship skills, SACCOS, microfinance, study visits, promotion
activities and other item supports. On the other hand the host organization (UMAKWA
CBO) will foot the cost for training of the 15 SACCOS interim committee members,
registration costs and prize cost for the competition winners. The community members
will bear the cost for fare to the training centers, costs during the selection of the 15
interim committee members and during the preparation of the SACCOS important
documents. The formed SACCOS will pay all the salaries and benefits of the employees
i.e. SACCO’s manager and Account clerk.
At the beginning, the SACCOS manager preferably to be a SACCOS member, will be
paid 180,000 Tshs per month while the Account clerk also preferably a SACCOS
member will be paid 150,000 Tshs per month. The management board will work on
voluntary basis until the SACCOS financial and economic status stabilizes.
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(d) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN IN A SUMMARIZED TABLE.
OBJECTIVE1.0.
To increase knowledge and practice of microenterprise to 54 income generating activity groups by the end of2009.
Activities
Project month.
Resources
needed.
Person
responsible.
j a s o n d j f m a m j
1.1 To conduct 4 trainings on microenterprise
knowledge to 54 income generating activity
groups of 160 people.
x
x
x
x
Trainees,
Trainers,
stationeries,
money,
transport,
meals,
accommodati
on and
drinks.
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
1.2 support income generating activity groups
with appropriate facilities like sewing machines,
carpentry tool/inputs
x
Money for
buying
facilities.
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
OBJECTIVE 2.0
To increase the knowledge, participation and management of 1,000 community members on SACCOS issues by the end to
2009.
2.1 To conduct 17 sensitization and awareness
creation meetings to community members on
SACCO’s issues- i.e. savings deposits, joining &
buying shares.
Transport,
meals, soft
drinks,
loudspeaker,
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
15
x
facilitator
and money
for
facilitation
fees.
2.2 facilitate selection of SACCO’S interim
committee of 15 members.
x
Transport &
meals
CED
student.
2.3 Train 15 SACCO’S interim committee
members on effective operation of primary
SACCOS that is Management Board, Supervision
committee, loan committee, and education &
promotion sub-committees.
x
Trainees,
Trainers,
stationeries,
money,
transport,
meals,
accommodati
on and
drinks.
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
2.4 Train key employees (secretary & Accounting
clerk) of SACCOS on relevant skills focusing on
effective operation & accounting system as per
Tanzania cooperative ACT No 20 of 2003.
x
Trainees,
Trainers,
stationeries,
money,
transport,
meals,
accommodati
on and
drinks.
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
2.5 To facilitate the SACCO’S committee to
prepare SACCOS constitution, loan policy,
savings and deposits policy.
Stationeries,
transport,
meals,
accommodati
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
16
x on and
drinks.
2.6 Assist the SACCOS interim committee to
register the SACCOS as per Tanzania cooperative
ACT NO 20 of 2003.
x
Money for
networking,
transport,
meals &
accommodati
on.
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
2.7 support interim committee members to visit
other similar organization within Tanzania for
learning purpose.
x
Meals,
accommodati
on, transport
costs and
institutional
fees.
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
OBJECTVE 3.0.
Increase savings, deposits and shares to 60,000,000/= by the end of 2009.
Activities
Project month.
Resources needed. Person
responsible.
j a s o n d j f m a m j
3.1 Conduct promotion activities through use of
meetings, T-shirts, posters and leaflets.
x
x
Money, t-shirts,
posters, leaflets &
transport costs
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student
3.2 Provide prizes like special T-shirts, 1-2 shares
to members with more savings/shares.
Money, t-shirts &
transport costs
UMAKWA
Chairperson
17
x x & CED
student
OBJECTIVE 4.0
To increase employment opportunities to 150 people by the end of 2009.
Activities
Project month.
Resources needed. Person
responsible.
j a s o n d j f m a m j
4.1 Train 54 leaders of IGAs on entrepreneurship
skills
x
Trainees, Trainers,
stationeries, money,
transport, meals,
accommodation and
drinks.
UMAKWA
Chairperson
& CED
student.
OBJECTIVE 5.0
To reduce 2% of disguised unemployment by the end of 2009.
Activities
Project month.
Resources
needed.
Person
responsible.
18
j a s o n d j f m a m j
5.1 Conduct sensitization meeting to the
community members on the importance of
establishing income generating activities.
x
x
Transport, meals,
soft drinks,
loudspeaker,
facilitator and
money for
facilitation fees.
UMAKWA
Chairperson &
CED student
5.2 Creating awareness to the community
members on the advantage of using financial
intermediaries like SACCOS, microfinance
institution to strengthen their businesses
x
x
Transport, meals,
soft drinks,
loudspeaker,
facilitator and
money for
facilitation fees.
UMAKWA
Chairperson &
CED student
OBJECTIVE 6.0
To increase the size of informal sector from 25% to 30% by the end of 2009.
Activities
Project month.
Resources needed. Person
responsible.
j a s o n d j f m a m j
6.1 To sensitize and mobilize youth to engage
them in the informal sector.
x
x
Transport, meals, soft
drinks, loudspeaker,
facilitator and money
for facilitation fees.
UMAKWA
Chairperson &
CED student
19
OBJECTIVE 7.0
To support SACCO’s staff for effective and efficient project implementation.
Activities
Project month.
Resources
needed.
Person
responsible.
j a s o n d j f m a m j
1.7.1 Facilitate staff salary payment to the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
x
x
x
x
Money,
stationeries,
employees.
SACCOS
Chairperson &
MANAGER
1.7.2 Facilitate benefit payment to the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
x
x
x
x
Money,
stationeries,
employees
SACCOS
Chairperson &
MANAGER
1.7.3 Facilitate salary payment to the SACCOS
Account clerk.
x
x
x
x
Money,
stationeries,
employees
SACCOS
Chairperson &
MANAGER
1.7.4 Facilitate benefit payment to the SACCOS
Account clerk.
x
x
x
x
Money,
stationeries,
employees
SACCOS
Chairperson &
MANAGER
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4.0 PROJECT MONITORING & EVALUATION PLAN
Objectives
Activities
Indicators
Data source
Methods/tools
Person
responsible
Time frame
1.0. Increase
knowledge and
practice of
microenterprise to 54
groups of income
generating activities
by the end of 2009.
1.1 To conduct 4 trainings on
microenterprise knowledge to
160 people for 2 days.
#of trainings
conducted.
#of days for the
training.
- Training reports.
- Attendance list.
-documentary review
- focus group
discussion
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members.
-CED student.
July-oct 08.
1.2 support IGA’s groups with
appropriate facilities (15 sewing
machines & 10 carpentry tools
#of community
members
attended the
trainings.
#of IGA groups
supported.
#of inputs
facilities
provided.
- Project reports.
- Handing over
reports.
- Distribution list.
- Observation.
-Documentary review.
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members.
-CED student.
November 08.
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2.0
Increase the
knowledge,
participation and
management to 1,000
community members
on SACCOS issues by
the end to 2009
2.1 facilitate 17 sensitization and
awareness creation meetings to
community on SACCO’S issues.
# of
sensitization/awa
reness creation
meetings
conducted.
# of community
members
attended.
- Project repots.
- Minutes and
attendance list.
-observation
- documentary review
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
July 08.
2.2 facilitate selection of 15
SACCO’S interim committee
within their respective villages
and meet at Ovada for one day
workshop.
# of SACCO’s
interim
committee
members
selected.
# of work shop
conducted.
# of members
attended the
workshop.
- Project repots.
- Minutes and
attendance list.
- documentary review
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
July 08
2.3 Train 15 SACCO’S interim
committee members on effective
operation of primary SACCOS
for 2 days.
# of members
trained.
# of training
days.
- Training reports.
- Project reports.
- documentary review
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
September 08.
22
2.4 Train 2 key employees of
SACCOS (secretary &
Accounting clerk) on relevant
skills focusing on effective
operation & accounting system
and procedures.
# of employee
trained.
# of training
days.
- Training reports.
- Project reports.
- documentary review
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
November 08
2.5 To facilitate the SACCOS
interim committee to prepare
constitution, loan policy, savings
and deposits policy.
# of constitution
prepared.
# of loan policy
prepared.
# of saving and
deposits policy
prepared.
- Project reports.
- Documentary review.
-Observation
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
November 08
2.6 Assist the interim committee
to register the SACCOS legally.
# of SACCOS
registered and
operating.
# of certificates
of registration
received.
- Registration/project
reports.
- Original certificate
file.
- Documentary review.
-Observation
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
October 08
23
2.7 support interim committee
members to visit other similar
organization within Tanzania for
learning purpose.
# of learning
visits supported.
# of members
attended learning
visit.
- visit reports.
-project reports.
- Documentary review.
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
January 09.
3.0. Increase savings,
deposits and shares to
30,000,000/= by the
end of 2009.
3.1 Conduct promotion &
inauguration activities through
use of meetings T-shirts, posters
and leaflets.
# of promotion/
inauguration
events
facilitated.
# of t-shirts
distributed.
# of posters and
leaflets
distributed.
-project/ village report
-minutes and
attendance list.
- Distribution list.
-handing over reports.
- documentary review
- questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student.
Jan-febr 09.
3.2 Provide prizes (special Tshirts)
to 10 members with more
shares, savings and deposits.
# of special tshirts
distributed.
# of SACCO’s
members
received prizes.
- Project reports.
-Distribution lists.
-Handing over reports.
- Documentary review.
-Observation
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
Jan-febr 09.
4.0. Increase
employment
opportunity to 150
people by the end of
2009.
4.1 Train 54 group leaders of
IGAs on entrepreneurship skills.
# of group
leaders trained.
# of trainings
conducted.
# of training
days.
- Training reports.
- Project reports.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
March 09.
24
5.0 Reduce disguised
unemployment to 2%
by the end of 2009.
5.1 Conduct 17 sensitization
meetings to the community
members on the importance of
establishing income generating
activities.
# of sensitization
meetings
conducted.
# of community
members
attended.
- Project reports.
-Village meeting
minutes.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
Nov-Dec 08.
5.2 Creating awareness to the
community members on the
advantage of using financial
intermediaries like SACCOS,
microfinance institutions to
strengthen their businesses
# of awareness
creation meeting
conducted.
# of community
members
attended.
- Project reports.
-Village meeting
minutes.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student
Sept-Oct 09.
6.0 Increase the size
of informal sector
from 25% to 30% by
the end of 2009.
6.1 conduct 17 sensitization
meeting and mobilize youth to
engage themselves in the
informal sector.
# of sensitization
meetings
conducted.
# of community
youths attended
- Project reports.
-Village meeting
minutes.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student.
Nov-Dec 08.
7.0 SACCO’s staff
supported for efficient
and active project
implementation by the
7.1 facilitate staff salary
payment to the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
# of staff
facilitated with
salary.
- Project reports.
- Salary slips.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student.
Marc-Dec 09.
7.2 facilitate benefit payment to
the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
# of staff
facilitated with
benefits.
- Project reports.
- Salary slips.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO chair person
- Comty members
- CED student.
Marc-Dec 09
25
end of 2009. 7.3 facilitate salary payment to
the SACCOS Account clerk.
# of staff
facilitated with
salary payment.
- Project reports.
- Salary slips.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student.
Marc-Dec 09
7.4 facilitate benefit payment to
the SACCOS Account clerk.
# of staff
facilitated with
benefits
- Project reports.
- Salary slips.
- Documentary review.
- Questionnaires
-CBO Chair person
- Comty members
- CED student.
Marc-Dec 09
26
5.0 PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY PLAN.
5.1 SUSTAINABILITY.
The promotion of income generating activity, savings and credit project is a sustainable
project in the sense that it is a community based and owned from the planning stage to
evaluation stage. The community members who are the primary beneficiaries involved on
the identification and selection of the project.
The SACCOS which will be owned by the members from the community will depend on
the interest rate earned from the loan disbursed to its members. Other income will be
from penalties, grants and loan from other financial institutions. The SACCOS as one the
financial institution can mobilize savings from the community members, where by it can
use that savings for business and investment promotion in the community.
In additional, strengthening small and medium enterprises/business provide wealth and
ownership opportunities to the groups that face socio-economic exclusion and
discrimination. Therefore, individual members and groups participating in micro
business increase their rate of business ownership. Strengthening of
microenterprises/micro businesses is a unique process in this project in the sense
that it offers individuals the opportunity not only to generate income but also build
assets and to save as owners, not just workers. All these substantiate the project
sustainability.
5.2 SUSTAINABILITY PLAN AND SUSTAINABE DEVELOPMENT.
The project aimed at sustainable development economically, socially and
environmentally. Through increase knowledge and practice of microenterprises to
community members increase savings, deposits and shares will lead to efficient
27
utilization of accumulated resources (money) where by investors can access easily and
invest the money in productive businesses hence increase income and wealth among the
community members.
Moreover, the use of income generating activity groups and SACCO’s groups will
increase social coercion and social capital among community members. Women
participation in income generating activities and in savings and credit will be highly
encouraged to empower women and eventually take leadership position.
The project will emphasize more on the women and girls participation during the
formation of socio-economic group. Parents will be sensitized to save more for their
children’s needs such school fees and other education support for both (girls and boys)
other social groups like traditional dancing groups football clubs, FBO’s groups
(churches & mosques) will be organized & mobilized to form groups and join SACCOS
people with disabilities and other abnormalities will be sensitized and encouraged to form
socio-economic groups so as join SACCOS.
In additions income generating activities and other informal sector activities which are
not environmental friendly will be discouraged. Business activities like charcoal burning
and fire wood selling business will be discourage instead environmentally friendly
activities like use of biogas, seedlings and tree planting activities will be highly
supported.
Other stake holders like financial institutions such as Banks will be involved for financial
consultations and advice pertaining finance issues. UMAKWA CBO and World Vision
will continue to support the project financially.
28
The District government particularly through District community development and
cooperative officers will continue to guide the SACCOS and income generating
activities.
5.3 STRATEGIC PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT.
The project is highly supported by the community, local government authority and other
NGOs like World Vision due to the fact that, they were all involved in design. As
outlined in the project design, the community members are the owners of income
generating businesses (entrepreneurs) and also owners of the formed SACCOS by paying
their entrance fee, buying shares and depositing savings and deposits in the SACCOS.
They are willing to attend the workshop and trainings by contributing transport cost to the
respective workshop/training venue on top of other labour power and in kind
contribution.
The government authority as an important stake holder will be responsible for legal
registration of the SACCOS and small & medium enterprises in the community. The
District development officer, Business/commercial officer and Cooperative development
officer will be the lead facilitators/trainers of the business group’s entrepreneurs,
SACCO’S management board and other sub-committees.
However World Vision and UMAKWA CBO is going to provide financial assistance
regarding all training costs including training fees and other related cost. Both World
vision and UMAKWA CBO agreed to support the project because it is in like with their
strategic plan of empowering the poor community in sustainable issues. World Vision
through its community based programme at Kwamtoro will offer a temporary office
freely for a new established SACCOS.
29
Commercial banks like NBC, CRDB and NMB are other important stake holders’ in
terms of financial services.
Nevertheless, the overall objective of the project is to contribute to sustainable
development and poverty reduction in line with the National vision of 2025 and the
National strategy for growth and reduction of poverty (NSGRP/MKUKUTA) as well as
other national development and poverty reduction programmes. It is also in line with the
small and medium enterprise development policy of 2002, whose overall objective is to
foster job creation and income generation through promoting the creation of new small
and medium enterprises and improving the performance and contribution to the Tanzania
economy. One of the policy statement states that, the government will promote
entrepreneurship development through facilitating improved access of small and medium
enterprises to financial and non financial services.
Another policy sustaining the project is the national microfinance policy (2000) which
covers the provision of financial services to household, small holder farmers and small
micro enterprises in rural areas as well as in the urban sector. The cooperative
development policy of (2002) and the cooperative ACT NO 20 of 2003 both emphasizes
on cooperatives which are member based i.e. owned and controlled by members for
sustainability.
The two organization supporting the project (World vision and UMAKWA CBO)
guarantee the support to the project in long term due to the fact that it is a community
based organization, in the sense that, members of UMAKWA are also members of
SACCOS and other microenterprise/businesses, while World Vision maintains
relationship with their respective area Development programmes and handover all the
30
activities to the CBO and community after the end of programme. In principle World
Vision programme are run in collaboration with the respective communities.
The project will be institutionalized through the formation of SACCOS which is
established by socio economic group of 10 -20 group members. Apart from improving
the social coercion it improve the sense of social/community ownership and a self
guaranteed of the member on financial loan issues in their SACCOS and other financial
intermediaries.
The project will be sustainable over time due to the fact that, the SACCOS established
will play a great role in financial services within the area. The income generating
activities will be strengthened, while SACCO’s members will be increasing their
portfolio for self reliance in terms of capital for their respective business and other
social obligations.
My expectation for future therefore is to have a community with a strong SACCOS
which can provide/carter the member’s demand of capital for their small and medium
enterprises.
Among other things which may be needed to improve the projects sustainability is the
existence of social and political peace and stability in the country and Kwamtoro area in
particular others are practical commitment and implementation of the government
policies pertaining the project.
The sustainability indicators to monitor the sustainability of the project includes,
- varied source of funding sources
- Number of community members continuing participating in project planning
process.
31
- budget within reach of community
- number of technically competent staff in the project
- Progressive growth of project in terms of members and their portfolio capital
shares, saving, deposits.
- Number of community leaders supporting the project.
- More than 85% percent of loan repayment.
The data collection method using participatory research methods includes; interview
method through questionnaires. Other methods to be used are focus group
discussion, documentary review, transact walk and observation methods.
6.0 CONCLUSION.
The project therefore, will focus on improving economic status of the community
members, where by, the project's problem statement is “promotion of income
generating activities, savings and credit initiatives at Kwamtoro, Lalta and Ovada
wards Kondoa District, Dodoma Region.”
The concentration will be to tackle the problem of income poverty by reducing the
problem where by the identified causes are; unreliable markets, insufficient existing
businesses/income generating activities or microenterprises, lack of entrepreneurship
skills, lack of financial intermediaries, inadequate capital and low per capita income. The
income poverty in the community resulted(effects) to poor housing(muddy grass roofed
houses), inability to fulfill basic needs like education, food, medical care and treatment
and other social obligations, poor/low savings, low money circulation, small size of
informal sector, disguised unemployment, deforestation and environmental degradation.
32
The main project objectives are; to increase the knowledge and practices of
microenterprise to 54 income generating activity groups (160) members’ people by the
end of 2009, to increase the knowledge, participation and management of 1,000
community members on SACCOS issues by the end of 2009, to increase savings, shares
and deposit to 60,000,000/= by the end of 2009, to increase employment opportunities to
150 peoples by the end of 2009, to reduce disguised unemployment by 2% in October
2009 and to Increase the size of informal sector from 25% - 30% by the end of 2009.
33
7.0 REFERENCES.
CEDPA (1994), Project Design for Program Managers:
Kondoa District profile.
National Population census report, (2002).
Narayan, J.R.M. (1962). Participation and social assessment. Tools and
techniques.
Rwegoshora, H.M.M. (2006). A guide to social science research.
Shigukulu, Z.F. (2007). Kwamtoro Participatory Assessment.
Young, Trevor (2000). Successive Project management.
34
8.0 APPENDICES/ANNEXES.
8.1 Logical frame work matrix.
PROJECT OBJECTIVE.
OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE
INDICATOR
MEANS OF VERIFICATION
COSTS.
COMMENTS/
ASSUMPTIONS
DESCRIPTION.
TARGET
BASEL
INE
DATA SOURCE
TIMING
RESPONSIBLITY
GOAL
To improve socioeconomic
status of the
Kwamtoro, Lalta and
Ovada Community.
Political and
peace stability in
the area and
country.
PURPOSE 1
To strengthen 54 groups of
income generating
activities in Kwamtoro,
Lalta and Ovada Wards.
# of groups existing
and performing their
activities
54 0 Project report.
-field visit report.
-evaluation report.
trienniall
y
UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
Government
maintain the
policies
supporting the
project.
PURPOSE 2.
To establish saving and
credit cooperative society
in the community.
# of SACCOS
Performing financial
activities efficiently.
1 0 Project report.
-field visit report.
-evaluation report.
trienniall
y
UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
OUTPUT 1. 1.0
Increased knowledge and
practices of
microenterprise to 54
income generating activity
groups (160) members’
people by the end of 2009.
# of groups
knowledgeable and
practicing
microenterprise
54
0
-Project report.
-field visit report.
-evaluation report.
annually
-CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members.
35
ACTIVITY1.1.1
To conduct 4 trainings on
microenterprise knowledge
to 160 people for 2 days.
# of group’s
members trained.
# of training days
160
2
0
0
-Training reports. Annually -CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
2,880,000/=
ACTVITY 1.1.2
support IGA’s groups with
appropriate facilities (15
sewing machines & 10
carpentry tools
# of IGA groups
supported with
sewing machines.
# of IGA groups
supported with
carpentry tools.
15
10
0
0
-project report.
-distribution list.
Annually
-CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
2,500,000/=
OUTPUT 1.2.0
Increased knowledge,
participation and
management to 1,000
community members on
SACCO’s issues by the
end of 2009.
# of community
members joined
SACCOS.
# of Community
members
knowledgeable in
SACCOS
Management.
1,000
15
0
0
-Project report.
-SACCO’S
membership
register/ledger.
Monthly
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
ACTIVITY 1.2.1
Facilitate 17 sensitization
and awareness creation
meetings to community on
SACCO’S issues.
# of
sensitization/awaren
ess creation
meetings conducted.
# of community
members attended.
17 0 - Project repots.
- Minutes and
attendance list.
Annually CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
1,000,000/=
ACTIVITY I.2.2
Facilitate selection of 15
SACCO’S interim
committee within their
respective villages and
meet at Ovada for one day
workshop.
# of SACCO’s
interim committee
members selected.
# of work shop
conducted.
# of members
attended the
workshop.
15
1
15
0
0
0
- Project repots.
- Minutes and
attendance list.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
105,000/=
36
ACTIVITY 1.2.3
Train 15 SACCO’S interim
committee members on
effective operation of
primary SACCOS for 2
days
# of members
trained.
# of training days.
15
2
0
0
- Training reports.
- Project reports.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
470,010/=
ACTIVITY 1.2.4
Train 2 key employees of
SACCOS (secretary &
Accounting clerk) on
relevant skills focusing on
effective operation &
accounting system and
procedures.
# of employee
trained.
# of training days.
2
3
0
0
- Training reports.
- Project reports.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
2,000,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.2.5
To facilitate the SACCOS
interim committee to
prepare constitution, loan
policy, savings and
deposits policy.
# of constitution
prepared.
# of loan policy
prepared.
# of saving and
deposits policy
prepared.
1
1
1
0
0
0
- Project reports.
-Approved hard copy
documents in place/in
use.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
150,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.2.6
Assist the interim
committee to register the
SACCOS legally.
# of SACCOS
registered and
operating.
# of certificates of
registration
received.
1
1
0
0
- Registration/project
reports.
- Original certificate in
file.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
300,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.2.7
Support interim committee
members to visit other
similar organization within
Tanzania for learning
purpose.
# of learning visits
supported.
# of participants
1
15
0
0
- visit reports.
-project reports.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
4,500,000/=
37
OUTPUT 1.3.0
Increased savings,
deposits and shares to
30,000,000/= by the end of
2009.
Amount of money
collected as shares,
saving and deposits.
30 millions 0 -project report
Monthly
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
ACTIVITY 1.3.1
Conduct promotion &
inauguration activities
through use of meetings Tshirts,
posters and leaflets.
# of promotion/
inauguration events
facilitated.
# of t-shirts
distributed.
# of posters and
leaflets distributed.
1
250
500
0
0
0
-project/ village report
-minutes and
attendance list.
- Distribution list.
-handing over reports.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
3,750,000/=
1,500,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.3.2
Provide prizes (special Tshirts)
to 10 members with
more shares, savings and
deposits.
# of special t-shirts
distributed.
# of SACCO’s
members received
prizes.
10
10
0
0
- Project reports.
-Distribution lists.
-Handing over reports.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
300,000/=
OUTPUT 1.4.0
Increased employment
opportunity to 150 peoples
by the end of 2009.
# of people
employed
150 0 -project report Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
ACTIVITY 1.4.1
Train 54 group leaders of
IGAs on entrepreneurship
skills.
# of group leaders
trained.
# of trainings
conducted.
# of training days.
54
2
0
0
- Training reports.
- Project reports
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
972,000/=
OUTPUT 1.5.0
Reduced disguised
unemployment to 2% by
the end of 2009.
% of unemployment
reduced
2% 0 -project reports Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
38
ACTIVITY1.5.1
Conduct 17 sensitization
meetings to the community
members on the
importance of establishing
income generating
activities.
# of sensitization
meetings conducted.
# of community
members attended.
17
17
0
0
- Project reports.
-Village meeting
minutes.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
1,000,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.5.2
Creating awareness to the
community members on
the advantage of using
financial intermediaries
like SACCOS,
microfinance institutions to
strengthen their businesses
# of awareness
creation meeting
conducted.
# of community
members attended.
17
1700
0
0
- Project reports.
-Village meeting
minutes.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
1,000,000/=
OUTPUT 1.6.0
Increased size of informal
sector from 25% to 30%
by the end of 2009.
% increase of
informal sector
5% 0 -project report. Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
ACYIVITY 1.6.1
Conduct 17 sensitization
meeting and mobilize
youth to engage them in
the informal sector.
# of sensitization
meetings conducted.
# of community
youths attended
17
54
0
0
- Project reports.
-Village meeting
minutes.
Annually
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
1,000,000/=
OUTPUT 1.7.0
SACCO’s staff supported
for efficient and active
project implementation by
the end of 2009.
# of SACCO’S staff
supported.
2 0 -Employees
file/records
Monthly
CED Student
-UMAKWA CBO
-Community
leader &members
39
ACTIVITY 1.7.1
Facilitate staff salary
payment to the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
# of staff facilitated
with salary.
1 0 - Project reports.
- Salary slips.
Monthly SACCO’S
Chairperson &
Manager.
2,160,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.7.2
Facilitate benefit payment
to the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
# of staff facilitated
with benefits.
1 0 - Project reports.
- Salary slips.
Monthly
SACCO’S
Chairperson &
Manager.
216,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.7.3
Facilitate salary payment
to the SACCOS Account
clerk.
# of staff facilitated
with salary payment.
1 0 - Project reports.
- Salary slips.
Monthly
SACCO’S
Chairperson &
Manager.
1,800,000/=
ACTIVITY 1.7.4
Facilitate benefit payment
to the SACCOS Account
clerk.
# of staff facilitated
with benefits
1 0 - Project reports.
- Salary slips.
Monthly
SACCO’S
Chairperson &
Manager.
180,000/=
8.2 Project budget spreadsheet (profoma).
Activities/items Quantity Costs per
item in Tshs
Total cost for
the whole
project.
Terms of reference for
activities
Donor/funder.
1.1 To conduct 4 trainings on microenterprise knowledge to
160 people for 2 days.
160
9,000x2=
18,000/=
2,880,000/=
- Meals.
- Accommodation.
- Training fees.
- Stationeries.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
40
1.2 support 25 IGA’s groups with appropriate facilities (15
sewing machines & 10 carpentry tools
25
100,000/=
2,500,000/=
- Purchase of 15 sewing
machines.
- 10 carpentry tools i.e.
screw hammers, cutting
saws.
- Transport costs.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
2.1 facilitate 17 sensitization and awareness creation
meetings to community on SACCO’S issues.
17
58,824/=
1,000,000/=
- Car hire/fuel.
- Meals for facilitators.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
2.2 facilitate selection of 15 SACCO’S interim committee
members within their respective villages and meet at Ovada
for one day workshop.
15
7,000/=
105,000/=
- Transport costs.
- Meals (breakfast &
lunch only)
Community
members.
2.3 Train 15 SACCO’S interim committee members on
effective operation of primary SACCOS for 2 days
15
15,667 x 2=
470,010/=
- Meals.
- Accommodation.
- Training fees.
- Stationeries.
- Transport costs
UMAKWA CBO.
2.4 Train 2 key employees of SACCOS (secretary &
Accounting clerk) on relevant skills focusing on effective
operation & accounting system and procedures.
2
1,000,000x2=
2,000,000/=
- Meals & transport costs
- Accommodation.
- Training fees.
- Stationeries.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
41
2.5 To facilitate the SACCOS interim committee to prepare
constitution, loan policy, savings and deposits policy.
3
50,000/=
150,000/=
- Secretarial services.
- Meals.
- Accommodation.
- Transport,
Community
members.
2.6 Assist the interim committee to register the SACCOS
legally.
2
150,000x2=
300,000/=
- networking costs with Distr &
Region Coop officers.
- meals and transport costs
- Registration fees.
UMAKWA CBO.
2.7 support interim committee members to visit other similar
organization within Tanzania for learning purpose.
15
300,000/=
4,500,000/=
- Meals.
- Accommodation.
- Visiting fee if any.
- Transport costs
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
3.1 Conduct promotion & inauguration activities through use
of meetings, T-shirts, posters and leaflets.
250 tshirts.
500
posters &
leaflets
15,000/=
3,000/=
3,750,000/=
1,500,000/=
- Design & print.
- Purchase t-shirts.
- Design, print &
purchase of posters &
leaflets.
- Transportation costs
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
3.2 Provide prizes (special T-shirts) to 10 members with
more shares, savings and deposits.
10
30,000/=
300,000/=
- Design & print.
- Procurement of special
t-shirts.
- Transportation costs
UMAKWA CBO.
4.1 Train 54 group leaders of IGAs on entrepreneurship
skills.
54
9,000x2=
972,000/=
- Fare costs.
- Meals &
accommodation.
- Training fees.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
5.1 Conduct 17 sensitization meetings to the community
members on the importance of establishing income
generating activities.
17
58,824/=
1,000,000/=
- Car hire/fuel.
- Meals for facilitators.
- Facilitation fees.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
42
5.2 Creating awareness to the community members on the
advantage of using financial intermediaries like SACCOS,
microfinance institutions to strengthen their businesses
17
58,824/=
1,000,000/=
- Car hire/fuel.
- Meals for facilitators.
- Facilitation fees.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
6.1 conduct 17 sensitization meeting and mobilize youth to
engage themselves in the informal sector.
17
58,824/=
1,000,000/=
- Car hire/fuel.
- Meals for facilitators.
- Facilitation fees.
World Vision
(Kwamtoro ADP).
7.1 facilitate salary payment to the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
1
180,000/=
2,160,000/=
- NSSF Payment.
- Salary payment.
- Pay as you earn.
SACCOS/
community members
7.2 facilitate benefit payment to the SACCOS
Secretary/manager.
1
18,000/=
216,000/=
- NSSF Payment by
employer.
SACCOS/
community members
7.3 facilitate salary payment to the SACCOS Account clerk.
1
150,000/=
1,800,000/=
- NSSF Payment.
- Salary payment.
- Pay as you earn.
SACCOS/
community members
7.4 facilitate benefit payment to the SACCOS Account clerk.
1
15,000/=
180,000/=
- NSSF Payment by
employer.
SACCOS/
community members
TOTAL PROJECT BUDGET. 27,783,000/=
43
8.3 SACCOS ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE.
SACCOS GENERAL MEETING.
Executive
Committee
Board Secretary
Supervision
committee.
KWAMTORO WARD
SACCOS COMMITTEE.
Loan
committee
OVADA WARD
SACCOS
COMMITTEE.
LALTA WARD
SACCOS
COMMITTEE.
Village socioeconomic
group
Village
socioeconomic
group
Village
socioeconomic
group
Village socioeconomic
group
Village
socioecon
group
Village
socioeconomic
group
SACCOS
manager
Account
clerk
44
8.4 JOB DESCRIPTION FOR SACCO’S STAFF.
JOB DESCRIPTION FOR ACCOUNT CLERK JOB DESCRIPTION FOR SACCOS MANAGER.
- Report to the SACCO’S Manager.
- Prepare and keep financial and other documents.
- Receive all money and reconcile inflows and out
flows.
- Collect loans, prepare bank reconciliation,
monthly report, list of creditors and submit to the
Board.
- Assist members to fill loan forms and implement
daily financial activities.
- To do any other responsibilities as required by the
manager/Board.
- Report to the SACCO’S Management Board.
- Receive and respond to all correspondence accordingly.
- Prepare all General meetings and other SACCO’s meetings.
- Responsible for all communication on behalf of SACCOS.
- To ensure that all SACCO’S money and other assets are kept safely.
- Prepare short and long term plans, budget and SACCO’S reports.
- Advice the management Board on all issues pertaining employment, expenditures,
business management and administrative issues.
- He/she is the custodian of all important SACCO’S documents.
- To supervise and coordinate all SACCO’S economic activities.
- To do any other responsibilities as required by the Board.
45
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